我国居民收入不平等的主要原因：市场还是政府政策？

市场因素和政府收入再分配政策是决定一国居民收入不平等程度的两个重要因素。本文采用中国家庭收入调查（China Household Income Project ，CHIP）住户数据，计算出我国居民市场收入基尼系数与可支配收入基尼系数，并同发达国家进行比较，借此探讨目前我国居民收入不平等是由市场力量造成的，还是政府收入再分配政策力度不足的结果。研究发现，从市场收入基尼系数来看，我国与发达国家之间的差距并不大。由此认为，政府收入再分配政策效果不明显是导致我国居民收入分配不平等状况较发达国家严重的主要原因。加大转移支付等再分配政策力度是缓解和改善目前我国居民收入不平等的主要途径。

Main Reasons for Income Inequality in China:Market or Government Policy?

A country’s income inequality is mainly determined by market factors and government income redistribution policy .Based on the data from China Household Income Project (CHIP) ,this paper calculates the Gini coefficients of market income and disposa‐ble income in China ,and compares with developed countries to find reasons for the income inequality in China ,resulting from market power or insufficient implementation of income redistribution policy .It shows that the gap between China and developed countries is not wide from a perspective of the Gini coefficient of market income .The unobvious effect of income redistribution policy mainly accounts for more serious income inequality in China than developed countries .The increase in the intensity of implementing redistribution poli‐cy like transfer payments is a key route to the alleviation of income inequality in China at present .