旅游地多元主体参与治理过程、机制与模式——以千岛湖为例

多元主体的利益协调关系到旅游地治理网络稳定性,多元主体参与旅游地治理已构成旅游社区研究的重要命题。研究发现:千岛湖核心景区和边缘景区的旅游发展状况、治理结构和治理困境呈现出明显差异,政府管理部门是旅游地治理网络的关键行动者。中心湖区形成政府"管委会—国企"治理模式,核心问题是政府与市场治理不协调;进贤村形成整体租赁治理模式,核心问题是旅游市场开发与社区利益和生态环保冲突;屏湖村形成社区主导型治理模式,核心问题是治理结构缺乏政府与市场指导。在此基础上,提出了千岛湖旅游地包含"政府、企业、旅游者、社区居民、媒体""五元主体"参与治理模式概念性框架和可持续发展治理网络图,以期为千岛湖旅游可持续发展提供对策建议,为后续研究提供借鉴参考。

Multi-stakeholder Participation Mechanism and Governance Model of Tourism Destinations: Taking Qiandaohu Town as an Example

The interests coordination of multiple subjects is related to the stability of the tourism destination governance network. The governance of tourism destinations involving multiple entities has constituted an important proposition for tourism community research. It’s found that: It shows obvious differences on the tourism development status,governance structure and governance dilemma in the core and fringe areas of Qiandao Lake scenic spots. The government management department is the key actor in the governance network. The central Qiandao Lake has formed a governance model of "Administrative Committee-State-owned Enterprise". The core problem is the incoordination between government and market;Jinxian Village has formed an "Overall Leasing" governance model, and its core problem is the conflict between tourism market development and community interests and ecological environmental protection;Pinghu Village forms a "Community Autonomy" model and is the lack of government and market guidance. By analyzing the governance process, mechanism and model of Qiandao Lake tourism destination, the article proposes a model of five elements which include government, enterprises, media, tourists, and community residents. The conceptual framework and the governance network of sustainable development provide countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development of tourism in Qiandao Lake, and reference for follow-up research.