近20年来中国区域经济发展差异的测定与评价

选取人均GDP、人均社会消费零售总额社会经济指标，通过计算其变异系数、加权变异系数、威廉森系数、最大与最小系数，对中国1978-2002年的经济发展不平衡性进行了动态时序分析，定量评价，了近20年来中国区域社会经济发展的差异程度；采用经济区位酶指标分析了中国经济发展空间格局的动态演化过程。结果表明，1990年以前中国经济区域差异程度在减小，1990年以后经济区域差异程度扩大，社会消费水平总体上呈扩大趋势。在空间格局上，经济发达区由过去的东北地区扩展到东部沿海地区，1970-1980年代区域差异表现为经济发达区、经济发展区、经济落后区之间的差异，而到1990年代主要表现为经济发达区和经济落后区之间的差异，两极化趋势明显，区域差异程度加大。

THE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DISPARITIES IN CHINA RECENT 20 YEARS

Adopting per capita GDP and per capita social consumption,this paper analyzed the economic development imbalance in China from 1978 to 2002 by calculating variation coefficient,weighted variation coefficient,Williamson coefficient and maximal and minimal coefficient,and quantificationally evaluated the extent of regional economic disparities.The dynamic evolvement process of spatial distribution of regional economic development in China was discussed also by calculating Regional Economic Location Quotient.The results show that the regional economic gap decreased before 1990 and has widen since 1990.The consumption level as a whole has shown an increased trend from China's reform and opening.As far as spatial distribution of regional economic development is concerned,the wealthy region moved to Southeast China from Northeast China during the past 20 years.The regional economic disparities among wealthy regions,developing regions and lag regions were the main economic gaps in the 1970s and the 1980s,while in the 1990s,the economic disparities between wealthy regions and lag regions were the main regional economic gaps.The regional economic disparities have becoming more obvious.