城市居民对居住区位的偏好及其区位选择的实证研究

利用详实的社会调查数据,考察了我国城市居民对居住区位的偏好和支付意愿,以及居民实际的区位选择。首先对影响居民对居住区位支付意愿高低(即支付意愿梯度)的因素进行了理论分析,分析了因素之间的相关关系,并探讨了研究支付意愿与区位选择差异性的方法。在理论分析基础上,建立了支付意愿梯度模型和区位选择模型,利用北京、上海、广州、武汉和重庆五城市的调研数据对模型参数进行了估计。结果显示,高收入群体仍倾向于居住在距离市中心偏近的位置,工作地点、对环境的偏好、城市规模和郊区基础设施完善程度都会从各种方面影响支付意愿的梯度值。市场力量已经在居住区位资源的配置中发挥重要作用,但存量住房流动性低和一部分居民的融资能力不足仍阻碍了其自由的区位选择。

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR RESIDENTIAL LOCATION AND LOCATION CHOICE OF URBAN RESIDENTS IN CHINA

Using the data from a unique survey, this paper examines the willingness to pay for residential location and the actual location choice of urban residents in China. The determinants of willingness-to-pay gradient (WTP') and how to isolate the difference between WTP' and location choice are discussed. Based on theoretical analysis, willingness-to-pay gradient model and location choice model are established and estimated. Empirical results show that higher-income people still prefer to live near the city center. Working place, preference pattern of environment, city size and the infrastructure construction in suburb will all influence WTP' in different ways. Market force has play an important role in the resource allocation of residential location, but the low transaction volume and credit rationing in the mortgage market hinder the location choice of urban residents.