基于农村劳动力转移的城市化进程实证——以河南省为例

河南城市化进程缓慢,城市化水平低,明显滞后于工业化;与此同时,与全国平均水平比较,相对于产值比重,第一产业的就业比重显著偏高,第三产业的就业比重严重偏低。通过构建农村劳动力的转移模型,对河南农村劳动力转移的影响要素进行了量化分析,结果显示,河南第一产业存在大量剩余劳动力,制约剩余劳动力转移最主要的因素是转移空间不足,即二、三产业就业容量不足。其中,第三产业发展不足,尤其是其内部构成不合理,是导致转移空间不足的重要原因。这为提高农村剩余劳动力的转移速度,加快城市化进程提供了政策启示:兼顾经济总量的增长和就业机会的增加,提高二、三产业的就业容量、大力发展第三产业,优化第三产业的内部结构、加快所有制结构调整,提高非公有制经济的比重。

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON URBANIZATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF RURAL LABOR TRANSFER——A CASE STUDY ON HENAN PROVINCE

Urbanization has low level,slow development speed,and is always obviously behind industrialization in Henan province.At the same time,the proportion of obtaining employment is remarkable on the high side in the primary industry.The proportion of obtaining employment is notable on the low side in the tertiary industry.By means of constructing the model of rural labor transfer,the article carries out a quantitative analysis of the restricted factors of rural labor transfer in Henan province.The results show that the primary industry has sufficient surplus labor and the insufficient room for employment in the secondary and tertiary industry that is the key restricted factor of the rural labor transfer in Henan province.Among them,the insufficient development of the tertiary industry,especially its unreasonable structure,is the important cause of insufficient labor transfer room.It gives us such policy enlightenments on speeding the rural labor transfer and urbanization in Henan province as giving consideration to increase employment chance and gross product growth in the secondary and tertiary industry,vigorously developing the tertiary industry,optimizing its inner structure,adjusting ownership structure,energetically developing the enterprises of non-public ownership of means of product.