松嫩高平原黑土区耕地质量特征及其空间分异——以黑龙江省巴彦县为例

准确地掌握区域耕地质量特征及其空间分布格局,对于提高耕地生产能力具有重要的参考价值。以松嫩高平原黑土区的典型区域——黑龙江省巴彦县为研究区,将耕地利用现状图、土壤图、坡度图与行政区划图叠加,以此确定耕地质量评价单元,应用＂3S＂技术,获取综合反映耕地质量特征的评价指标属性数据,运用多因素综合评价模型,计算耕地质量得分并划分质量等级,进而分析耕地质量总体特征及空间地域分布与行政区域分布特征。结果表明：耕地质量呈现以四等地为峰值,三等地为次峰值,向五等地、二等地和一等地逐次减少的正态分布特征,大部分耕地的质量处于中上等水平;耕地质量等级的高低与地貌类型、土壤类型及海拔高度之间有密切的关系,呈现出明显的地域分异规律;各乡镇耕地质量等级差别较大,直接对其经济活动类型及农业生产发展带来一定影响。

The Characteristics of Cultivated Land Quality and Its Spatial Variation in Black Soil Region of Songnen High Plain——A Case Study of Bayan County in Heilongjiang Province

It is of important reference value to control the characteristics of cultivated land quality and spatial distribution pattern accurately for improving the production capacity of cultivated land.This paper selected the typical area of Black Soil Region of Songnen High Plain—Bayan County in Heilongjiang Province as the study area and obtained cultivated land quality evaluation units by laying over the cultivated land use map,soil map,slope map and administrative division map.Then we extracted evaluation index attribute data that could reflect the characteristics of cultivated land quality by 3S technologies.In this paper we calculated the comprehensive score using the multi-factor synthetic evaluation model and divided rank on the score.Then we further analyzed the overall characteristics of cultivated land quality and spatial distribution of geographical and administrative area.The results show that the cultivated land quality exhibited normal distribution characteristics with the fourth-class for the peak,the third-class for the second peak,and gradually reduced to the fifth-class,the second-class and the first-class.The quality of most of cultivated land was in the middle and upper level.Cultivated land quality grade had a close relationship with geomorphic type,soil type and altitude,showing significant regional differentiation regularity.There was a greater difference in cultivated land quality grade among towns,and this could directly influence the types of economic activity and the development of agricultural production.