黄河流域高质量发展:人地协调与空间协调

从经济地理学视角提出黄河流域高质量发展的两大关键问题:从人地关系视角研判人类活动与资源环境持续作用形成的共处关系;从空间异质视角审视流域不同区域的联系及其相应的空间协调状况。在黄河流域水资源短缺和生态先天脆弱的前提下,对地市级人类活动施压、资源环境承压及两者关系相对分级评价结果表明:新世纪以来黄河流域多数地区的人地关系类型保持不变,近1/5的地区趋于紧张;2017年高度紧张、轻度紧张的区域占21.18%,基本协调的区域占38.82%。从人地关系调控的客观条件看,黄河流域受到生态先天脆弱性与经济发展迫切需求的双重压力。经济发展的资源瓶颈与路径依赖问题对人地关系基本协调甚至相对宽松的地区形成挑战,居民生活水平提高诉求的实现将会进一步加重人类活动施压强度,使人地关系趋于紧张。研究建议,应深入把握不同类型地区的人地关系,进行针对性处理。黄河流域的城市空间联系特征映射了流域社会经济发展不平衡和流域空间结构的特殊性,应着力加强流域内部联系,迈向更高质量的区域合作。建议采用以大城市为中心面向周边的放射状开发开放新模式,以此驱动流域空间结构重塑与助推空间协调发展。

High-Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin from a Perspective of Economic Geography:Man-Land and Spatial Coordination

Two key issues of high-quality development in the Yellow River basin are addressed from a perspective of economic geography,which include the relationship between human activities and their surrounding environment as well as available resources,and the spatial structure of economic activities among sub-regions of the basin.Under the premise of water shortage and ecological fragility in the Yellow River basin,we made computation of the pressure of man activities and the pressure bearing capacity of resources and environment by using the relative grading evaluation method and related indicators at the prefectural level cities.Comparison of two grades resulted in assessment of human-land relationship at each sub-region.Results showed that the types of man-land relations in most sub-regions of the Yellow River basin have remained unchanged since the new century,and nearly a fifth of them tend to be tense.In 2017,the subregions with high and slight tension accounted for 21.18%,and those with relative coordination accounted for 38.82%.Under the pressure from both serious ecological vulnerability and urgent need of economic development,the man-land relationship is been confronting strong challenges in the Yellow River basin.The problems of resource bottleneck and path dependence of economic development challenges will deteriorate the relationship between people and their environment and resources at the relative coordinated sub-regions,as the demand for the improvement of residents’living standard will further increase utility of natural resources,putting the pressure on environment.The characteristics of urban spatial connection in the Yellow River basin reflected the imbalance of social and economic development,presenting a unique spatial structure of a river basin.It is suggested to adopt a new development model of enhancing large central cities to drive the periphery,realizing the reconstruction of spatial structure and the coordinated development of the Basin.