区域发展中地理势能的初步研究

从区域发展的各个主要相关要素，初步探讨区域发展的地理势能。把地理区域作为一个系统，当一个区域相对于其它区域在地理位置、区际差异、区域结构和环境质量等方面，所显示出发展的综合优势即是该区域在这一系统中的地理势能。这种地理势能的大小受自然环境基础的深刻影响，并可随着不同的历史阶段、科学技术的发展而转化。一个地区的地理位置对比优势的态势为地理位置势能。地理位置和区位在自然条件上的势能促使其获得政策上的势能，并直接影响到产业结构的形成。地域间环境条件、生态功能、产业优势的潜在影响力为地理区际势能，如各种环境条件以及这些条件合理匹配的所谓地理地带性规律，决定了传统的农业生产。区际的差异还体现在区域发展的历史过程上，历史悠久的区域往往具有较高的地理区际势能。区域自然环境结构对于区域发展优势的影响力为区域结构势能。环境质量势能是环境质量对于区域发展优势的态势。生态环境脆弱、土地退化、自然灾害、环境污染等，大大减弱了区域环境质量势能。地理势能遵循能量守恒定律，势能转化的动力来源于自然与社会两方面。

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON GEOGRAPHICAL POTENTIAL IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The paper preliminarily discusses geographical potential in regional development based on the relative factors. In terms of system, predominance in a regional geographical location, differences, structure and quality is called regional geographical potential. Such potential is deeply affected by environmental conditions and converted as different historical stages and science/technology development. Geographical location potential is relative predominance in geographical location of a region to another region. Regional economic development laws determine that economic development cannot start in the same time and develop in the same rate for all regions. Therefore, economic location has high predominance in regional economic development. Moreover, such predominance will help the region to get favourable policies and affect formation of regional industrial structure. Regional difference potential is regional predominance in environmental conditions, ecological functions and industries, such as that the geographical zonality influences allocation of traditional agriculture. This difference predominance always appears in different historical stages, the longer history the higher potential. Regional structural potential is predominance in regional structure including patterns of single and multiple structures, horizontal and vertical structures, point, line and spatial structures. Quality potential is predominance in regional environmental quality. Fragile ecosystem, land degradation, natural disaster, environmental pollution will decrease the quality potential. Geographical potential will follow the law of conservation of energy. That is, the potential increasing in a region will be decreasing in other regions. Drive force for the transformation of the potential comes from both the nature and the society.