农户林地流转的减贫效应研究——基于粤、浙、皖3省的农户调查

森林资源丰富与贫困聚集并存,且"均山"改革下的林地细碎化又降低了资源利用效率,而通过林地流转实现贫困缓解却存在树种依赖。本文利用2015年中国农村林业改革发展监测数据,在分树种测算农户生产效率的基础上,将林地流转引发的效率变化对农户经营收入影响产生的绝对减贫效应和相对减贫效应进行检验。结果表明,农户林地生产效率较低且不同农户间的效率差异明显;经营杉木与松木的农户通过林地流转能够实现绝对贫困与相对贫困的缓解,但对经营果树而言,生产效率更高的农户从林地流转中获益更多,形成相对剥夺,农户间相对贫困加剧;毛竹经营不存在规模依赖,林地流转也不存在减贫效应。林地流转的政策鼓励需要考虑利益导向,同时关注村庄内部的不平等。

Study on the Poverty Alleviation Effect of Farmers’Forestland Transfer--Based on the survey of farmers in Guangdong,Zhejiang and Anhui provinces

Abundant forest resources coexist with poverty accumulation,the fragmentation of forest land reduces the efficiency of resource utilization under the reform of"all mountains".However,there is forest type dependence if we alleviate poverty by land circulation.This paper calculated the efficiency of different tree species production by taking the input and output per mu of forest land as standard.Production efficiency changes were caused by the transfer of woodland with the data of the program about the Monitoring and Development of China’s Rural Forestry Reform in 2015.And then,the absolute poverty alleviation effect and the relative poverty reduction effect triggered by forestland transfer are estimated.The results show,the efficiency of woodland management of farmers was low and it among different farmers was obvious.The farmers who manage Chinese fir and pine can alleviate absolute poverty and relative poverty through the forestland transfer.But for the fruit trees management,farmers with higher production efficiency benefit more from forest land circulation and relative deprivation resulted in relative poverty among farmers.There is no dependence on scale management of bamboo and there is also no poverty reduction effect through forest land transfer.Policies to encourage the transfer of forest land need to take into account the interests of the village,while focusing on the internal inequality.