生猪养殖环境规制的测度及其地区差距分析

目的]揭示生猪养殖环境规制的地区差距和演变趋势，为学者们度量生猪养殖环境规制提供方法借鉴。方法]文章统计了2000—2019年国家级、部委级、省级、厅局级和县市级与生猪养殖污染治理有关的环境政策数量，然后采用因子分析法计算了环境政策数量的综合指数，在此基础上，运用Dagum基尼系数分解法考察了生猪养殖环境规制的地区差距及演变趋势。结果]样本考察期间，我国生猪养殖环境规制强度呈逐年上升趋势，但存在明显的空间非均衡特征。随着时间推移，生猪养殖环境规制的总体区域差距呈先上升后下降的倒U趋势。地区间差距是导致生猪养殖环境规制总体区域差距的主要原因，而超变密度和地区内差距是次要原因。结论]总体来看，我国各地区的生猪养殖环境规制日趋严格，但存在明显的地区差异，南方水网地区、传统生猪主产区等地区的环境规制强度相对较大，但随着时间推移，这种地区间的差距有逐渐缩小的趋势，说明各地区的生猪养殖环境规制强度在未来会趋同。

MEASUREMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF PIG BREEDING AND ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL GAP

This research aims to reveal the regional differences and evolution trend of environmental regulation of pig breeding, so as to provide a method for scholars to measure environmental regulation of pig breeding. This paper summarized the number of environmental policies related to pig breeding pollution control at the national levels, ministerial levels, provincial levels, department and bureau levels, county and city levels from 2000 to 2019, and used the factor analysis method to calculate the comprehensive index of the number of environmental policies, then on this basis, adopted the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method to investigate the regional gap and evolution trend of environmental regulation of pig breeding. The results showed that during the period of sample investigation, the environmental regulation intensity of pig breeding in China was increasing every year and obvious spatial imbalance. With the passage of time, the overall regional gap of environmental regulation of pig breeding showed an inverted U trend increased firstly after declining. The main reason for the overall regional gap of environmental regulation of pig breeding was the regional gap, while the super variable density and intra regional gap were the secondary reasons. Overall, the environment regulation of pig breeding in various regions of China is becoming increasingly strict, but there are obvious regional differences. The environmental regulation intensity in southern water network area and traditional main pig producing areas is relatively large, but with the passage of time, the gap between regions tends to narrow gradually, indicating that the environment regulation intensity of pig breeding in various regions will converge in the future.