茶园生态化发展水平评价体系构建与实证研究

目的]生态化发展是未来我国包括茶产业在内的农业发展的主要趋势之一，目前我国正在大力推进生态茶园建设，但是对茶园生态化发展水平评价的研究尚不充分，不能满足产业推进生态价值评价转化的实际需求。构建茶园生态化发展水平综合评价体系具有重要的理论和现实意义。方法]文章从生态环境水平、技术与管理水平、经济效益、生态效益和社会效益5个维度建立了茶园生态化发展水平评价指标体系，采用专家咨询法和层次分析法测算指标权重，开展17个样本茶园的实证研究，计算茶园生态化发展水平综合指数，同时用障碍度模型识别了阻碍茶园生态化发展水平提升的主要因素。结果] 17个样本茶园的评价结果与样本茶园生态化发展水平的原有判断基本吻合；样本茶园生态化发展的主要障碍因子包括生态效益维度中的水土保持情况和茶园土壤微生物（细菌、真菌）多样性，茶叶产品安全质量维度中的农药残留是否零检出。结论]该文构建的茶园生态化发展水平评价体系具有较强的可操作性和较好的实用价值，可用于对茶园生态化水平的评价。

CONSTRUCTION AND EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF TEA GARDEN

Ecological development is one of the main trends of agricultural development in China, including tea industry in the future. At present, China is vigorously promoting the construction of ecological tea garden. However, research on evaluation of ecological development level of tea garden is not much, which cannot meet the practical needs of evaluation towards transformation of ecological value in tea industry. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for ecological development level of tea gardens. This paper established an evaluation index system of tea garden ecological development level from five dimensions, namely ecological environment level, technology and management level, economic benefit, ecological benefit, and social benefit, respectively. The index weight was calculated by the methods of expert consultation and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). We carried out an empirical research on 17 sample tea gardens, calculated the comprehensive index of tea garden ecological development level and adopted the obstacle degree model to identify the factors hindering the improvement of the ecological level. The results were showed as follows. The evaluation results of 17 sample tea gardens we basically consistent with the original judgment. The main obstacles to ecological development of the sampled tea gardens were soil and water conservation, and the diversity of soil microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in the dimension of ecological benefits, and whether there was zero detection of pesticide residues in the dimension of tea product safety and quality. Therefore, the evaluation system of tea garden ecological development level constructed in this paper shows strong operability and good practical value, and can be applied to evaluate the ecological level of tea garden.