农村土地经营权抵押贷款风险及防控机制研究

目的]土地经营权抵押贷款业务的开展能有效解决农村融资难的问题,但面临的风险也是阻碍土地经营权抵押贷款深入推动的主要原因,因此明确风险并制定相关防范措施是推动经营权抵押贷款业务发展的关键。方法]文章通过识别土地经营者、金融机构、政府3个风险主体面临的抵押风险,并深入探析风险形成的原因,从实施主体和实施进程构建土地经营权抵押风险防范机制。结果]在土地经营权抵押前、抵押过程中和抵押后主体面临着不同的风险,风险的主要成因包括市场化机制缺失、金融机构自身问题、农业收入不稳定、配套机制不健全等因素。结论]土地经营权抵押风险防控应该围绕风险主体和抵押实施进程构建,通过成立土地管理中心缓解抵押主体风险,通过环境保障、信用保障、抵押配套、风险控制、风险分担、风险转移、社会保障、抵押物处置等机制体系构建实现对土地经营权抵押进程的风险防控,以此保证土地经营权抵押业务的深入推进。

STUDY ON MORTGAGE RISK AND PREVENTION MECHANISM OF RURAL LAND MANAGEMENT RIGHT

The development of the mortgage business of land management rights can effectively solve the problem of rural financing difficulties, but the risks are also the main reason hindering the in-depth promotion of the mortgage business of land management rights. Therefore, it is the key to promoting the development of the mortgage business of land management rights to clarify the risks and formulate relevant preventive measures. By identifying the mortgage risks faced by the three risk subjects of land managers, financial institutions and governments, and deeply exploring the causes of the formation of risks, the prevention mechanism of mortgage risks of land management rights was constructed from the implementation subjects and the implementation process. The results showed that the subjects faced different risks before, during and after the mortgage of land management rights, and the main causes of the risks included the lack of market mechanism, the problems of financial institutions themselves, the instability of agricultural income, the imperfect supporting mechanism and other factors. Therefore, land mortgage risk prevention and control should be built around the main risk and mortgage implementation process, through the establishment of land management center to ease mortgage principal risk, the environment protection, form a complete set of credit guarantee, mortgage, risk control, risk sharing, risk transfer, and disposal of the mortgaged property, mechanism of social security system construction in the process of land mortgage risk prevention and control, so as to ensure the deep development of land mortgage business.