中国玉米芯资源量估算及其开发利用

文章首先采用文献考证法,确定玉米芯产量与玉米产量之比值;在此基础上,采用副产品比重法,结合玉米产量统计数据,对全国及各省(市、自治区)的玉米芯产量进行估算,并分析其区域分布;通过实地调查,结合文献综述,从原料化、饲料化、基料化、能源化的角度,系统阐述我国玉米芯资源综合利用途径。结果表明:玉米芯产量与玉米产量之比为0.21;2013年全国玉米芯资源总产量为4 590万t,相当于全国秸秆总产量的4.90%或玉米秸秆总产量的19.10%。主要分布于东北地区与黄淮海地区,产量分别为1 586.61万t与1 185.41万t,两地区合计占全国玉米芯产量的60.42%。玉米芯是我国各类秸秆资源中高值化利用率较高的种类,其原料化、基料化、饲料化及能源化利用总量达到800万t左右。食用菌基料化、新型能源化利用是提高我国玉米芯综合利用水平的基本途径。多产品联产可有效地促进我国玉米芯工业原料化利用水平的不断提升。积极开展玉米芯发酵饲料技术推广与应用可为我国玉米芯资源高值化利用开辟新途径。

ESTIMATION AND UTILIZATION OF CORNCOB RESOURCES IN CHINA

Quantitatively estimation of corncob resources is the basis for the comprehensive utilization and management. This paper aimed to estimate the output of the corncob resources in China and figure out the utilization patterns, so as to provide a reference for highly-valued utilization and industrialization of corncob resources. Firstly, the ratio of corncob to corm grain was determined according to the literatures textual research, and then the output of corncob resources in the whole country was calculated and the regional distribution characteristics of corncob resources were analyzed based on the statistical data of the byproduct proportion and the output of corn. Finally, the comprehensive utilization ways of corncob resources were discussed using spot investigation method from the perspectives of raw material utilization, feed utilization, edible fungi cultivation and energy utilization. The results showed that, the ratio of corncob to corn grain was 0.21. The output of corncob resources was 4.59×107t in China in 2013 which was equivalent to 4.90% of the straw output in China or 19.10% of the corn straw in China. The corncob resource was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Huang-Huai-Hai region. And the output of corncob resources in Northeast China and Huang-Huai-Hai region was 1586.61×104t and 1185.41×104t, respectively, and the two regions shared a proportion of 60.42% of corncob resources of China in 2013. For each province, the corncob output in Heilongjiang Province reached 675.44×104t, with a proportion of 14.72%, ranking first in China. The highly-valued utilization rate of corncob with the amount of 800×104t was higher than any other kinds of straw in China. It was used for raw material, edible fungi, feed and energy. Edible fungi and energy production were basic ways improving the corncob comprehensive utilization level. The popularization and application of feed technology of corncob provided a new promising approach for corncob highly-valued utilization.