基于资源视角的农业供给侧结构性改革的路径研究

目的]粮食安全是世界各国政府普遍关注的问题,都将其列为重中之重.粮食主产区是我国粮食生产的核心地带和关键区域,为保障国家粮食安全、协调区域发展,必须从国家战略角度出发,实施粮食主产区利益补偿理念,充分体现社会公平与正义的价值取向和主旨,为粮食安全提供坚实的区域基础.方法]运用实证分析方法,借助统计年鉴,通过粮食产量、人均粮食产量、粮食播种面积、人均粮食播种面积、人均地区总产值、地区财政收入、人均地区财政收入、城镇化率、居民人均可支配收入等数据分析,比较13个粮食主产区和7个粮食主销区在10年间粮食生产和经济社会发展的客观现实差距.结果]粮食主产区在粮食产量、粮食播种面积等方面的生产规模优势和生产能力显著,对我国经济社会贡献巨大;粮食具有准公共产品的属性,粮食主产区需要支付高额的生产费用,承担运输成本与储存成本,无法通过市场获得补偿;粮食产销区之间囿于主体功能与发展责任的迥异而导致经济差距较大,主要体现在人均地区总产值、地区财政收入、人均地区财政收入、城镇化率、居民人均可支配收入等差别.结论]据此提出,必须实施粮食主产区利益补偿,需要完善粮食主产区利益补偿的价值选择与国家政策导向:应在中央政府、区域政府层面完善相应的政策:一是国家层面制定粮食主产区区域政策;二是完善产粮大县奖励政策;三提高财政转移支付力度与精准度;四是建立产销区利益联动机制;五是加强农业基础设施和公共事业建设等.

VALUE JUDGMENT AND POLICY GUIDANCE OF INTEREST COMPENSATION IN MAJOR GRAIN-PRODUCING AREAS

Food security is one of the worldwide universal attention issues.Major grain-producing areas play important roles in ensuring national food security and coordinating regional development.From the perspective of national strategy, establishment and implement of compensation policy for major grain-producing areas is necessary, because the policy can protect the interests of the major grain-producing areas, balance regional development, increase farmers' income, and provide solid basis for food security.This paper used an empirical analysis method analyzed the economic and social development in major grain producing and consuming provinces in China, based on the statistics data of grain yield, grain output per capita, grain planting area, grain sown area per capita, GDP per capita, provincial revenues, provincial average financial income, urbanization level, and disposable income per capita, etc., and compared the status of the economic and social development of grain production and comsuption in 13 major grain-producing provinces and 7 grain-consuming provinces in past 10 years.The results showed that grain yield, the scale of grain production, and production capacity had significantly contribution to China's economic and social development.The major grain-producing provinces paid high production cost of transportation and storage but cannot obtain compensation from market.The major grain producing and consuming provinces had a wide gap of economic development, such as GDP per capita, the revenues, the average financial income, the urbanization level, and the disposable income per capita.And thus, it put forward the value judgment of implement and perfection of main grain-producing areas interest compensation, for example, the reward policy for major grain-producing counties need to be improved, the financial transfer payment and its accuracy need to be increased, the benefit-compensation mechanism between grain producing and consuming provinces need to be established, and the construction of agricultural infrastructure and public utilities need to be strengthened.