新疆国家级贫困县扶贫效率的时间演进与空间分异研究

目的 扶贫的效率问题，始终是社会各界关注的重点问题。方法 文章以新疆27个国家级贫困县为研究对象，采用DEA方法，对贫困县扶贫效率的时间演进和空间分异进行深入分析。结果 研究发现：（1）总体上看，新疆27个国家级贫困县的扶贫效率处于中等水平，介于69%~75%。（2）从时间发展演进来看，2014—2018年新疆国家级贫困县扶贫效率呈短期波动、大体增长态势。（3）从空间特征分异来看，疏勒县、察县等9个县属于潜力型；莎车县、英吉沙县等7个县属于朝阳型；洛浦县、巴里坤县等3个县属于黄金型；阿合奇县、阿图什市8个县属于衰退型。（4）从投入产出效率来看，新疆国家级贫困县扶贫投入冗余集中在农业人口规模和农村人均耕地面积；在现有投入水平下，新疆国家级贫困县扶贫效率在人均GDP和农村居民人均可支配收入方面产出效益比较低。结论 为提升扶贫效率，针对4种不同效率形态，对精准的扶贫优化策略提出对策建议。

STUDY ON THE TIME EVOLUTION AND SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFICIENCY IN XINJIANG NATIONAL POOR AREA

The efficiency of poverty alleviation has attracted more and more attention. Taking the 27 national poverty-stricken counties in Xinjiang as the research object, the DEA method was used to make an in-depth analysis of the time evolution and spatial differentiation of poverty alleviation efficiency in the poverty-stricken counties. The study found that: (1) Overally, the poverty reduction efficiency of 27 national poverty-stricken counties in Xinjiang was at a medium level, ranging from 69% to 75%. (2) From the perspective of time evolution, from 2014 to 2018, the poverty alleviation efficiency of Xinjiang''s national poverty-stricken counties showed short-term fluctuations and a general growth trend. (3) From the perspective of spatial differentiation, 9 counties such as Shule county and Cha county belonged to potential type; 7 counties such as Shache county and Yingjisha county belonged to Chaoyang type; 3 counties such as Luopu county and Balikun county belonged to Gold type; 8 counties of Aheqi county and Atushi city belonged to recession type. (4) From the perspective of input-output efficiency, the input redundancy of poverty-relief counties in Xinjiang''s national-level poor counties was concentrated on the size of the agricultural population and the per capita cultivated land area in rural areas. The output per capita disposable income of residents was relatively low. In order to improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation, we should adopt precise strategies for poverty alleviation based on four different efficiency forms.