中国油茶种植适宜性评价及产能提升建议

目的 加强并高质量推动我国油茶产业发展是丰富食用油供给体系的重要手段。全面评价我国油茶种植的适宜性，是科学制定油茶产业发展规划，推动我国油茶产业的重要基础。方法 文章基于2008—2018年油茶产业发展数据及其他相关资料、2009—2018年的气象数据、地形数据、土壤性状数据等环境数据，从规模和效率两个角度分析各地当前油茶种植及产业发展规划完成情况；同时根据油茶种植对气象、地形、土壤等因子的要求，应用层次分析法构建环境适宜性评价指标体系，基于比较优势理论分析油茶种植潜力评价结果，并对我国油茶产业发展提出建议。结果 最适宜栽培区集中于长江流域以南的气候湿热地区，主要有江西、湖南、福建大部，广西北部、湖北东南部、安徽南部；其中，湖北、湖南、河南、陕西具有较高的规模充分程度；河南、广东、福建、湖南具有较高的效率充分程度；湖南、安徽、河南规模和效率充分程度均较高。我国油茶种植以及产业发展潜力较高，尤其以广西和云南省等地区为甚。结论 我国适宜种植油茶和发展油茶产业的地区分布空间差异明显。建议加强油茶种植基地等建设，以提升我国油茶产业发展水平。该研究可为科学规划并推动我国油茶产业发展提供方法和数据支持。

EVALUATION ON THE SUITABILITY OF CAMELLIA OLEIFERA PLANTING AND SUGGESTIONS FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT IN CHINA

Strengthening and promoting the development of Camellia oleifera Abel industry with high quality is of great significance to enrich the supply system of edible oil. To comprehensively evaluate the suitability of China''s Camellia oleifera Abel planting could provide an important basis for the scientific planning of the industry, thus promoting its development in China. Based on the environmental data (such as climatic data of annual average temperature, average temperature in January, average temperature in July, average temperature from October to December, accumulated temperature above 10°C, annual average rainfall, terrain data of Altitude, slope and aspect, and soil property data of soil pH, soil organic matter) from 2009 to 2018 in China, and the data of Camellia oleifera Abel industry and other relevant data from 2008 to 2018, the current situation of planting and the completion of its industrial planning were summarized in this paper. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to build the environmental suitability evaluation index system, according to the requirements such as climate, terrain, and soil factors in the planting of Camellia oleifera Abel. Moreover, on the basis of the comparative advantage theory, the evaluation results of the potential of Camellia oleifera Abel planting were analyzed, and feasible suggestions for the development of relevant industry were presented. Three conclusions of the study were given as follows. (1) The most suitable areas for Camellia oleifera Abel planting were distributed in the south of the Yangtze River Basin, which mainly included the most of Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, the North of Guangxi, the Southeast of Hubei, the South of Anhui, with humid and hot climate. (2) Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanxi had higher scale adequacy than the national average, and Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan had higher efficiency adequacy than the national average, while Hunan, Anhui, Henan had a higher degree in both aspects. (3) China had a huge potential for Camellia oleifera Abel planting and its industrial development, especially in Guangxi and Yunnan province. In summary, considering the difference of spatial distribution of the areas suitable for Camellia oleifera Abel planting and developing its industry in China, it is, therefore, suggested that it should strengthen the construction of Camellia oleifera Abel planting base in order to improve the level of Camellia oleifera Abel industry in China. The results of this study can also provide supports in methodology and data for authorities to plan scientifically, and further promoting the development of the Camellia oleifera Abel industry in China.