易地扶贫搬迁安置方式对搬迁农户社会融入的影响研究

目的 农户搬迁后在安置地的融入和发展是决定易地扶贫搬迁工程成功与否的关键，分析安置方式对搬迁农户社会融入的影响，有利于为实现农户更好融入新环境提供对策建议。方法 文章从社会融入角度出发，通过构建搬迁农户社会融入指标体系，利用8省16县969户的搬迁农户样本和多层模型分析技术，实证检验了安置方式对搬迁农户社会融入的影响及其作用机制。结果 与村内安置相比，外村安置、乡镇安置和县城安置对搬迁农户的社会融入产生了显著负向影响，且影响程度依次增大，具体表现为对搬迁农户经济融入、社会交往融入以及心理融入的影响。机制分析得出：安置方式通过影响农户的生计方式和生活方式影响其经济融入，通过影响农户的旧关系网络和新关系网络的建立影响其社会交往融入，通过影响农户对新环境的适应程度影响其心理融入。结论 要根据实际情况精准施策开展帮扶，满足搬迁农户的安置需求，促进农户融入新环境。

STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF RESETTLEMENT WAYS ON THE SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF RELOCATED FARMERS*

The integration and development of relocated farmers after relocation is the key to the success of the relocation project. Analyzing the impact of resettlement ways on the social integration of relocated farmers is conducive to providing countermeasures and suggestions for better integration of relocated farmers into the new environment. From the perspective of social integration, this paper constructed an indicator system of social integration of relocated farmers, adopted the multi-layer model analysis technique to empirically test the impact of resettlement ways on the social integration of relocated farmers and its mechanism with a sample of 969 relocated farmers from 16 counties in 8 provinces. The results were showed as follows. Compared with the resettlement within the village, outside village resettlement, township resettlement and county resettlement had a significant negative impact on the social integration of the relocated farmers, and the degree of impact increased successively, which was specifically reflected in the economic integration, social interaction integration and psychological integration. The mechanism analysis showed that resettlement ways affected farmers'' economic integration through affecting their livelihood and lifestyle, their social integration through affecting the establishment of old and new relationship networks, and their psychological integration through affecting farmers'' adaptation to the new environment. Therefore, precise policies and assistances should be carried out according to the actual situation, so as to meet the resettlement needs of relocated farmers and promote their integration into the new environment.