湖南省乡村建设水平评价及对景观的影响利弊

［目的］改善乡村人居环境，推动新农村建设，是全面建设小康社会的重要组成部分。［方法］从经济发展水平、生活质量水平、社会发展水平及生态发展状况等4个方面构建包括20个指标在内的评价体系，基于2007—2017年的统计数据，采用熵权法对湖南省乡村建设水平进行定量化测度。在此基础上，进一步阐述了乡村建设对乡村景观影响的利弊。［结果］湖南省乡村建设发展水平评价分值呈现显著的递增趋势，由2007年的0177提高到2017年的0692。其中经济发展水平、生活质量水平、社会发展水平均明显提升，但生态发展状况波动较大，虽近年来得到一定的控制，但仍是制约新农村建设的重要因素。新农村建设为乡村景观的规划提供了经济支持，改善了乡村景观基本硬件设施条件，乡村旅游产业的发展也丰富了乡村景观的形式内容，推动了乡村景观的建设，但也在一定程度上引发了对生态系统平衡的破坏和对乡村景观的蚕食。［结论］在新农村建设过程中，遵循生态理论，充分体现地域特色，科学合理地进行乡村景观规划对推动新农村建设水平的整体提升至关重要。

EVALUATION OF RURAL CONSTRUTION LEVEL IN HUNAN PROVINCE AND ITS PROS AND CONS

Improving the rural living environment and promoting the construction of a new countryside are an important part of building a well off society in an all round way. Based on the four aspects of economic development level, quality of life, social development level and ecological development status, an evaluation system including 20 indicators was constructed. Based on statistical data from 2007 to 2017, the entropy weight method was adopted to quantitatively measure the level of rural construction in Hunan province, and on this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of new rural construction on rural landscape are further analyzed.The evaluation score of the new rural construction development level in Hunan province showed a significant increasing trend. Among them, the level of economic development, quality of life, and social development levels significantly improved, but the ecological development fluctuated greatly. Although it had been controlled in recent years, it was important factor restricting the construction of new countryside. The construction of a new countryside provided economic support for the planning of rural landscapes, improved the basic hardware and facilities of rural landscapes, and the development of rural tourism also enriched the formal content of rural landscapes and promoted the construction of rural landscapes. However, it also caused the damage to the balance of the ecosystem and the cannibalization of the rural landscape to a certain extent. In the process of new countryside construction, following the ecological theory, fully reflecting the regional characteristics, and scientific and reasonable rural landscape planning is essential to promote the overall improvement of the new countryside construction level.