稻蟹生态种养产出量及经济效益试验研究

［目的］为研究不同模式下插秧密度对水稻产量及稻蟹种养经济效益的影响，［方法］于2017—2018年大田试验条件下，以辽粳401为试验材料，利用稻蟹种养传统模式（M1）、稻蟹种养优化模式（M2）2种模式及行株距为30cm×16cm（S1）、30cm×18cm（S2）、30cm×20cm（S3）3种移栽密度，分析不同处理下的水稻产量、河蟹产量、河蟹规格及稻田效益。［结果］传统模式在30cm×18cm移栽密度下2年的水稻产量分别为最高的1075 69万kg/hm2、1053 36万kg/hm2；优化模式下，大于100g的雄蟹、雌蟹的数量及规格均高于传统模式，其中在30cm×18cm（S2）、30cm×20cm（S3）数量、规格较高；优化模式下18cm株距密度综合效益分别为2017年最高的5398 54万元/hm2、2018年次高的5195 86万元/hm2，这来源于相对较高的稻谷产量和河蟹收益，而河蟹收益主要由雄蟹大于100g收益和雌蟹小于100g收益两部分组成。［结论］稻蟹种养优化模式采用30cm×18cm移栽密度，可在保障水稻产量的同时提高河蟹的规格和产量，从而获得较高的稻田生态种养效益。

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE YIELD AND ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF RICE CRAB ECOLOGICAL CULTIVATION

In order to investigate the effects of transplanting density on rice yield and rice crab ecological cultivation economic benefit under different treatments, field experiments with two ecological rice crab cultivation modes i.e. conventional mode (ERC ,M1) and optimized ecological rice crab cultivation mode (OERC,M2) and three row distances, including 30cm×16cm (S1), 30cm×18cm (S2) and 30cm×20cm (S3), were set up and the rice yield, crab yield, crab specifications and paddy field benefits under different treatments were analyzed by using Liaojing 401 as the experimental material from 2017 to 2018. The highest yield was 10 756.9 kg/hm2 and 10 533.6 kg/hm2 under the row distance of 30cm×18cm of conventional ecological rice crab cultivation mode in two years, respectively. The number and specifications of male and female crabs which were more than 100 g of optimized ecological rice crab cultivation mode were higher than those of conventional ecological rice crab cultivation mode under the density of 30 cm×18 cm. Among them, the quantity and specifications of 30cm×18cm (S2) and 30cm×20cm (S3) were higher. The comprehensive benefit of 18 cm transplanting density under optimized ecological rice crab cultivation mode was 53 985.4 Yuan/hm2 in 2017 and 51 958.6Yuan/hm2 in 2018, respectively, which was the highest and the second highest because of the relatively high yield of rice and the income of crab, while the income of river crab mainly consisted of the income of male crab more than 100 g and that of female crab less than 100 g. In summary, 30cm×18cm under the optimized ecological rice crab cultivation mode can not only guarantee the yield, but also improve the specifications and yield of crab, so as to obtain higher benefits of ecological cultivation in paddy fields.