岭南地区农村居住点分布特征及影响因素分析

目的]分析岭南地区农村居住点空间分布特征及其影响因素,以期为岭南地区农村建设提供指导。方法]采用实地调研法考察岭南地区农村居住点空间结构,并采用空间结构分析法对岭南地区农村居住点的空间分布概况、类型进行分析,采用邻近指数法计算广府、客家及潮汕村落的最邻近指数以揭示其空间布局特征。结果]广府、客家及潮汕村落的最邻近指数分别为0.020、0.761及0.020,分布类型均属于凝聚型,且分布密度均高于岭南地区农村居住点分布密度的平均值。空间布局受岭南地区的气候条件、地形地貌、河流及社会环境所影响,其中影响岭南地区农村居住点空间布局的气候主要是潮热;地形多数为山地、丘陵;河流众多,易聚集村落;潮汕村落空间布局受宗教制度的影响较深。结论]岭南地区农村居住点处于凝聚类型。受岭南地区的气候条件、地形地貌、河流及社会环境所影响,在农村村落保护及建设过程应深入挖掘、充分利用其内在的价值因素,以保障岭南地区农村居住点经济、居住环境及文化的平衡发展。

THE CHARACTERITICS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ITS TNFLUENCING FACTORS OF LINGNAN RESIDENCE VILLAGES

This paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Lingnan villages, so as to strengthen the understanding, the development and the protection of Lingnan villages. Field research method was used to investigate the rural living space structure, the method of spatial structure were used to analyze the general situation of the spatial distribution of rural settlements, and the adjacent index method was used to to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics in Guangfu, Kejia, and Chaoshan villages. The results showed that the adjacent index in Guangfu, Kejia, and Chaoshan villages were 0.020, 0.761 and 0.020, respectively, and the distribution density in the 3 villages were higher than the average of the distribution of Lingnan villages. The spatial layout was influenced by climate, topography, rivers and social environment, of which the climate was mainly hot flushes, the terrain was hilly. It was easy to gather villages because of rivers. The space layout of Chaoshan village was deeply influenced by religious system. It concluded that the rural settlements in Lingnan area were an agglomeration type, which was influenced by the climate, topography, rivers and social environment. During the process of protecting rural villages and the construction, it should dig and make full use of its inherent value factors, in order to ensure the balanced development of the economy, the living environment and culture.