海南岛休闲农业布局现状的实证分析

目的]全面分析海南岛休闲农业布局现状,为海南岛休闲农业科学合理规划和均衡协调发展提供决策参考。方法]文章利用海南岛259家休闲农业企业的地理数据,采用比较、缓冲、密度分析工具,从数量、类型、密度、距离衰减方面实证分析海南岛休闲农业的布局特征,并提出相应的优化对策。结果](1)海南岛东部、中部和西部休闲农业数量分布比重分别为51%、29%和20%,其中国家级示范点数量分布比重分别为83%、17%和0%;(2)休闲农业主要类型有休闲农庄、观光农园、市民农园和农家乐,除休闲农庄在东部、中部、西部分布较均匀外,其他类型分布较不均衡;(3)距离市县中心越远,休闲农业分布密度越小,95%的休闲农业分布在距离市县中心30km以内,距离市县中心10~15km是休闲农业的高峰集聚区;(4)海南岛休闲农业已在海口、保亭、三亚、澄迈、琼中、琼海、定安、儋州形成8个高度集聚带。结论]海南岛休闲农业无论在数量、类型和密度上都是东部地区最多,中部次之,西部最少。应积极推进具有农业发展优势的地区,因地制宜拓展产业休闲功能;休闲农业产品类型单一的地区,深度挖掘特色资源和文化内涵;加强休闲农业点与旅游景区、生活服务中心之间的跨区域联系,形成和谐发展的有机旅游整体,使休闲农业真正成为农业转型、农民增收的引擎。

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON LAYOUT OF LEISURE AGRICULTURE IN HAINAN ISLAND

The objectives of this paper were to comprehensively analyze the current situation of leisure agriculture in Hainan Island, and provide the decision-making reference for scientific and reasonable planning, balanced and harmonized development of the leisure agriculture in Hainan Island. Based on the geographic data of 259 agricultural leisure enterprises in Hainan Island, the layout of leisure agriculture in terms of quantity, type, density and distance attenuation was empirically analyzed using the tools of comparative analysis, buffer analysis and density analysis. And the corresponding optimization strategies were put forward. The results showed that: (1) The percentages of the quantity distribution of leisure agriculture in the eastern, central and western parts of Hainan Island were 51%, 29% and 20% respectively, of which the percentages of the quantity distribution of national-level demonstration sites were 83%, 17% and 0% respectively; (2) The main types of leisure agriculture were leisure farms, touring agricultural parks, urban agricultural parks and farmhouses. Many types of leisure agriculture were distributed unbalanced, except the leisure farms in eastern, central and western parts; (3) The farther from the leisure agriculture to city center was, the smaller the distribution density of leisure agriculture enterprises had. 95 percent of leisure agriculture enterprises were located within 30 km from the city center, and the range of 10~15 km from city center was the peak agglomeration area of leisure agriculture; (4) Leisure agriculture in Hainan Island had formed eight high concentration zones in Haikou, Baoting, Sanya, Chengmai, Qionghai, Dingan and Danzhou. For the distribution of leisure agriculture in Hainan Island, the eastern region had the most distribution considering quantity, type and density, followed by the central region, and the least in the west. The regions that had advantages of agricultural development should be expanded leisure function of competitive industries according to local conditions. The regions that had single type of leisure agriculture should be deeply tapped the characteristic resources and cultural connotations. The cross-regional contact among leisure agriculture points, tourist attractions and life service centers should be strengthened to create a harmonious and organic tourism system, so that leisure agriculture can really become the engine of agricultural transformation and farmers'' income increase.