基于CVM不同支付方式的耕地保护外部性测度及其差异性分析

目的]支付方式的科学设置对CVM在耕地保护外部性评估中的应用具有重要意义。文章基于CVM不同支付方式视角,以焦作市耕地保护外部性测度为例,剖析不同支付方式的耕地保护外部性测度结果的差异性。方法]采用支付卡式CVM。结果](1)"出钱"、"义务劳动"、"出钱和义务劳动"不同支付方式下的年户均耕地保护支付意愿(WTP)差异性是产生单位面积耕地保护外部性差异的根本原因;(2)居民家庭收入水平、文化程度、与耕地的关联程度、耕地生态社会效益认知程度、可支配的闲暇时间、劳动力成本及农产品成本收益等是造成不同支付方式的城镇居民和农户耕地保护WTP差异的主要影响因素。结论]通过与基于单边界二分式的焦作市耕地保护居民WTP测度结果对比表明,在科学设置支付区间和假想市场情景、合理进行假想偏差规避下,基于支付卡式综合计算整理的"出钱和义务劳动"方式的居民耕地保护支付意愿和单位面积耕地保护外部性测度结果具有较高的可靠性。研究最终选取"出钱和义务劳动"方式下的1 624.9元/(hm~2·年)作为焦作市单位面积耕地保护外部性测度结果,该结果可作为现实条件下耕地保护经济补偿标准的理论参考依据。

MEASUREMENT OF CULTIVATED LAND PROTECTION EXTERNALITIES AND ANANLYSIS OF DIFFERENTS UNDER DIFFERENT PAY WAYS BASED ON CVM

Setting scientifically payment way is great significance to the application of CVM in the evaluation of cultivated land protection externalities. Contingent valuation method (CVM) can effectively evaluate the non-market value of resource environment. Taking Jiaozuo as an example, this paper explored the difference of the cultivated land protection externalities with different payment way using the payment card of CVM. The results indicated that: (1) The differences of the money way, the compulsory labor way, the money and compulsory labor way, and the average annual WTP of per household were the root cause of the difference of the area of cultivated land protection externalities; (2)The income level of residents, education level, the degree of connection with cultivated land, the cognition of cultivated land ecological social benefit, disposable leisure time, labor cost and agricultural product cost benefit, were the main factors affecting the WTP difference of cultivated land protection for urban residents and rural households with different payment methods. Comparing with the results of the cultivated land protection WTP in Jiaozuo city based on the single-boundary binary , it showed that the result of the cultivated land protection WTP of residents and the area of cultivated land protection externalities were high reliability in the money and compulsory labor way. According to the study, the 1624.9 yuan / hm2·year was the result of cultivated land protection externalities of the money and voluntary labor way in Jiaozuo city. The results can be used as the theoretical basis for the economic compensation of cultivated land protection under the actual conditions. At the same time, it can provide the theoretical and empirical suggestions and instance verification for the government to make a scientific and reasonable farmland protection policy.