基于种养业融合的大兴安岭农垦种养结构优化研究

目的]种养业协调发展是促进我国农业供给侧结构性改革的重要方面。文章以大兴安岭农垦的种养业结构优化为研究对象,针对大兴安岭农垦种养业结构发展失衡等问题,构建了基于种养业协调发展的多目标线性规划模型。方法]根据Matlab编程求解,模拟提出了该地区的种养业优化方案,并阐明了促进种养业协调发展的对策措施。结果](1)通过优化调整,大兴安岭农垦种养结构得到优化,与2013~2015年平均相比,粮食作物种植面积减少2.26万hm~2,经济作物种植面积增加了1.97万hm~2,其中大豆种植面积减少1.16万hm~2,玉米种植面积减少1.96万hm~2,养殖业饲养规模大幅度增加,其中猪的养殖数量增加5.89倍,牛增加16.62倍,羊增加1.57倍,家禽增加了10.2倍。(2)通过优化调整,与2013~2015年平均水平相比,种养业综合效益显著提升,提高了48.81%,其中经济收益增加了93.92%,社会效益减少了6.06%,生态效益提高了6.13%,其中总化肥施用量减少13.15%,总作物需水量减少5.74%、相对生态价值降低0.77%。结论]为进一步推进大兴安岭农垦种养业结构调整,迫切需要加强宣传,探索种养业结合发展新模式,加快废弃物处理新技术推广,制定扶持政策,促进种植业和养殖业形成良性循环。

OPTIMIZATION OF CROP AND LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN DAXINGANLING AGRICULTURAL RECLAMATION BASED ON PLANTING-BREEDING BALANCE

The coordinated development of the crop and livestock industry is an important aspect to promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side in China. Taking the structure optimization of crop and livestock industry in Daxinganling agricultural reclamation as an example, aiming at the imbalance development of the crop and livestock structure in Daxinganling agricultural reclamation, this paper constructed the multi-objective linear programming model based on the coordinated development of crop and livestock. According to the Matlab programming solution, the optimization plan of the crop and livestock industry in the region was put forward, and the countermeasures to promote the coordinated development of the crop and livestock industry were clarified. The results showed that: (1) Through the optimization and adjustment, the crop and livestock industry achieved balance in the region. From 2013 to 2015, the area of grain crops reduced by 339.6 thousand acres, the area of economic crops increased by 295.5 thousand acres, but the area soybean and corn acreage decreased by 174.7 thousand acres and 294.3 thousand acres. The livestock industry increased significantly. The number of pig breeding increased by 5.89 times, cattle increased by 16.62 times, sheep increased by 1.57 times, poultry increased by 10.2 times. (2) The comprehensive benefit of the crop and livestock industry increased by 48.81%, of which the economic, social and ecological benefits increased by 93.92%, 6.06% and 6.13% respectively. And the use of chemical fertilizer, the crop water demand and the relative ecological value reduced by 13.15%, 5.74% and 0.77%. In order to promote the structural adjustment of crop and livestock industry in Daxinganling agricultural reclamation, it was urgent to strengthen the publicity, explore the new model of the combination of the crop and livestock industry, accelerate the promotion of new technologies, formulate support policies, and promote the virtuous circle of the crop and livestock industry.