国内外旅游扶贫效应文献量化分析与研究综述(2000~2016年)

目的]旅游扶贫效应研究是衡量旅游扶贫工作效果的关键内容,梳理其阶段性成果对后续相关政策措施优化以及理论研究深化尤为重要.方法]基于CNKI核心期刊、CSSCI以及外文SSCI数据库,运用CiteSpace软件对2000~2016年旅游扶贫效应文献进行统计量化分析.并从效应评估分析和影响因子两方面,采用多角度、 全面系统地评述旅游扶贫效应研究内容,归纳总结其现有定性和定量研究方法.结果]国内旅游扶贫效应研究相对欠缺,热点关注旅游开发、 旅游资源、 生态旅游、 乡村旅游等内容,研究区域集中于民族地区、 西部地区等;国外研究相对成熟,且较为重视生态旅游、 生态保护以及社区旅游等内容,大体聚焦于非洲、 肯尼亚等欠发达国家.综合而言,国内外旅游扶贫效应评估从评价对象和评价效果两个角度研究,前者面向区域展开宏观效应分析,分为经济、 社会、 文化和生态效应或经济影响和非经济影响;面向贫困人口展开微观效应分析,包括贫困人口的旅游扶贫感知和态度、 社区参与度、 扶贫权力等;后者主要研究旅游扶贫存在的正效应和负效应.旅游扶贫效应影响因子研究多从利益相关群体的角度全面或单一详细分析,抑或选取案例地并建立指标体系定量化针对性分析.研究方法上,国内以定性研究为主,缺乏创新性的微观模型和定量计算方法;国外侧重宏观的定量研究,虽然研究方法多元化,但缺乏系统化、 规范化的研究成果.结论]旅游扶贫效应研究应从城市贫困和旅游精准扶贫等方面考虑拓展贫困问题、 加强中观与微观层面研究、 注重旅游扶贫政策研究以及定性与定量结合实证分析等.

REVIEW ON THE RESEARCH OF PRO-POOR TOURISM EFFECTS AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LITERATURES AT HOME AND ABROAD FROM 2000 TO 2016

Pro-poor Tourism Effects is a particularly important content that reflects whether the results of PPT is good or not. It is especially significant for the optimization of follow-up policy measures and the deepening of theoretical research to comb the existing achievements on PPT Effects. According to searching from the database of the CNKI core journals and CSSCI and SSCI, this paper has a statistical analysis on the related literatures of PPT Effects between 2000 and 2016, and takes the keywords co-occurrence analysis with the help of CiteSpace. Moreover, this paper reviews systematically on PPT Effects from two aspects, containing impacts assessment and influence factors, as well as a summary on the existing methods of PPT Effects. The results show that domestic studies are a little lacking of PPT Effects relatively, which have focused on tourism development, tourism resources, ecotourism, rural tourism and so on. The research areas mainly include ethnic minority regions, the west and others. However, the overseas researches are more mature about PPT Effects, and have paid more attention to ecotourism and biodiversity conversation and community and the like. The study cases are mostly in less developed countries, such as Africa, Kenya and so forth. In General, the assessments on PPT Effects at home and abroad have two angles of the research objects and the evaluating effectiveness. The former has an analysis of macro-effects which include mainly economic effects, social effects, cultural effects and ecological effects or economic impacts and noneconomic impacts facing to poverty-stricken areas. And it also analyzes about micro-effects for the poor, which are comprised of perceptions and attitudes of the poor, community participation, the tourism benefits of every poor person or family, the development abilities of the poor and all. The latter considers on positive and negative effects of PPT. The influencing factors study from the perspective of stakeholder groups and the selected cases by the means of targeting quantitative analysis with establishing the index system. Mentioned about research methods, it is still dominated by qualitative analysis, and questionnaire and mathematical statistics are considerable component, and it is lack of innovative methods about microscopic models and quantitative calculation methods in China. Relatively speaking, it focus on macroscopic quantitative research in foreign countries. Although the diversification of research methods, it is not sufficient about systematic and standardized research. PPT Effects should extend the research contents on poverty regarding the urban poverty and tourism accurate poverty alleviation, strengthen the medium and micro-level studies, pay attention to research policy evolution of PPT and empirical analysis combined qualitative and quantitative.