农村宅基地流转收益分配研究综述与展望

目的 促进农村宅基地流转收益合理分配,对于增加农民财产性收益,助推农民实现共同富裕有重要意义。系统梳理近15年宅基地流转收益分配研究的研究热点以及发展脉络,展望未来研究重点方向。方法 文章基于CiteSpace5.8.R2的文献计量法。结果 （1）近15年来,农村宅基地流转收益分配的研究呈现由单一维度分配路径研究,向探讨收益形成机理、分配主体、分配比例、分配模式等多维度研究发展趋势,研究方法也由单一定性分析向定性与定量相结合方式转变。（2）从收益形成机理看,宅基地流转收益增值的本质是地租的增加;直接性投资、外部辐射以及土地用途变化等因素都均会引发宅基地价值增值。（3）从收益分配主体看,地方政府是否应参与分配存在一定争议。从分配比例看,宅基地流转收益分配比例应与各利益主体承担的风险相对应;由于农民在流转过程承担风险更高,因而在进行收益分配时应可适当向农民倾斜。（4）从收益模式看,总体可将宅基地流转收益分配模式总结为“宅基地出租模式”“宅基地入股模式”和“‘指标’交易模式”3类。结论 宅基地流转收益分配是增加农民财产性收入,实现共同富裕的重要抓手。新形势下,未来研究应更加关注宅基地流转收益分配和共同富裕关系,“三权分置”改革背景下的宅基地流转收益分配制度的建立和监督机制完善等方面问题。

A REVIEW AND PROSPECT OF RESEARCH ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF HOMESTEAD CIRCULATION INCOME

Promoting the rational distribution of income from rural homestead circulation is of great significance for increasing farmers'' property income and boosting their common prosperity. And the purpose of this study is to systematically sort out the research hotspots and development context of homestead circulation income distribution in the past 15 years, and look forward to the future research focus directions. The method of bibliometric based on the CiteSpace5.8.R2 was employed. The results were showed as follows. (1) In the past 15 years, the research on the distribution of income distribution of rural homestead circulation showed a trend of development from single-dimension distribution path research to multi-dimension research including income formation mechanism, distribution subject, distribution proportion, distribution mode and so on. The research method also changed from a single qualitative analysis to the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. (2) From the perspective of income formation mechanism, the essence of income appreciation of homestead circulation was the increase of land rent. Factors such as direct investment, external radiation and land use change all led to the increase of homestead value. (3) From the perspective of income distribution subject, whether local government should participate in distribution was controversial. From the perspective of distribution proportion, the distribution proportion of income from homestead transfer should correspond to the risk borne by each interest subject. As farmers beard higher risks in the transfer process, it should be properly tilted to farmers in the distribution of income. (4) From the perspective of income model, the income distribution model of homestead circulation could be summarized as "homestead rental model", "homestead equity model" and "index" transaction model ". In conclusion, income distribution of homestead transfer is an important way to increase farmers'' property income and achieve common prosperity. Under the new situation, future research should pay more attention to the distribution of homestead circulation income and the relationship of common prosperity, the establishment of homestead circulation income distribution system and the improvement of supervision mechanism under the background of the reform of "Three-Right" separation.