区域秸秆全量处理利用的概念、思路与模式探讨

随着我国农业生产的发展、农村生活条件的改变,秸秆地区性、季节性、结构性过剩现象严重,随意丢弃或露天直接焚烧现象屡禁不止,对生态环境和社会安全产生十分严峻的影响。为解决我国农作物秸秆面临的突出问题,提出"区域秸秆全量处理利用"的理念。文章系统地阐述了区域秸秆全量处理利用的概念、内涵和遵循原则,并详细阐明了其基本设计思路:估算秸秆资源与可收集量、调研秸秆综合利用现状、确定维持地力的秸秆还田量、设计秸秆离田利用的比例关系、合理布局秸秆产业和收储场地、健全秸秆全量处理利用的政策保障体系。在此基础上,归纳分析了"多元循环型模式、还田主导型模式、产业主导型模式"等几种秸秆全量利用模式的内容、特点,并结合典型案例分析了其实用效果,以期为区域秸秆综合利用和禁烧工作的长效运行与可持续发展提供理念引导和技术支撑,推动农作物秸秆实现应有的资源价值。

DISCUSSION ON CONCEPT, DESIGN IDEA AND TECHNOLOGY MODEL OF REGIONALTOTAL STRAW UTILIZATION

China is a large agricultural country with a wide variety and a huge number of crop straw resources. According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture, the total straw resources amount was more than 900 million tons and the straw amount could be collected was over 800 million tons. With the development of agricultural production and changes in living conditions in rural China, straw showed a regional, seasonal and structural surplus phenomenon, which was usuallythrown away or burnedin field directly resulting in a serious impact on the ecological environment and social security. In order to solve the outstanding problems faced by crop straw utilization, we put forward a proposal to carry out "total straw utilization in region". This paper systematically expounded the concept, connotation and principle of "total straw utilization in region", elaborated its basic design ideas, i.e., to estimate the total amount and collectable amount of straw, survey the actual state of straw utilization, determine the amount of straw returned to maintain soil fertility, design use ratio among different straw utilization patterns, place rationally straw industry and storage space, and perfect policy support system etc. And then, it summarized and analyzed the content and feature of "multiple-recycling model", "straw returning dominationmodel" and "industrial utilization domination model", based on the typical case analysis.It could provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the long-term operation and sustainable development of regional straw comprehensive utilization and prohibiting burning in field, and promote the realization of the straw resources value.