我国家庭农场发展的现状、问题及培育建议——基于农业部专项调查343万个样本数据

目的]家庭农场作为一种新型农业经营主体,近年来受到国家的大力支持。对其发展情况进行调查分析有助于发现其存在问题,尽早提出解决措施,优化家庭农场的发展和培育。方法]文章以农业部家庭农场专项调查数据为基础,从经营数量、经营规模、经营类型、经营效益4个方面,对家庭农场的发展现状进行了分析。结果]家庭农场发展迅速,且增长速度逐年加快;目前已基本实现规模经营,其中70%的土地来自土地流转;农场数量和规模南北差异较大;经营类型以种植业为主,占六成以上;家庭农场的年销售产值高,但净利润低。除此之外,由于处在探索发展阶段,我国家庭农场在发展过程中面临着生产成本过高、质量认证缺乏和资金支持少等问题。结论]最后针对这些问题,从加大政策扶持力度、加快农产品品牌建设和加强金融支持3方面提出对策建议,以期为未来家庭农场的培育提供参考价值。

THE CURRENT STITUTION,DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND CULTIVATING SUGGESTION OF FAMILY FARMS IN CHINA——BASED ON THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL INVESTIGATION OF 343000 SAMPLE DATA

The family farm as a new type of agricultural management body, has been strongly supported by the country in recent years. To analyze the development of family farms is helpful to find out its problems, put forward the solving measures, and accelerate the development and cultivation of family farms. Based on the survey data of the family farm of the Ministry of agriculture, this paper analyzed the current situation of the development of family farms from four aspects: the number of operations, the scale of operation, the type of operation and the operating efficiency. The major findings were as follows: the family farm had developed rapidly, and the growth rate had accelerated year by year; it had achieved farming scale management with 70% of the land circulation; the number and scale of family farm had a significant quantitative difference between the north and south; more than 60% of the family farm were engaged in farming; annual sales of the family farm was high, but the profit was low. However, there were some problems in the family farm, such as high production cost, lack of quality certification and financial support. At last, aiming at these problems, it put forward the suggestions from three aspects, i.e., strengthening the power of policy support, accelerating the brand building of agricultural products, and strengthening financial support.The results can provide a reference for the development of family farms.