粮食主产区耕地质量影响因素与粮食产能关系分析

目的]分析耕地质量构成要素对粮食产量影响,探讨提高粮食生产能力途径和方法。方法]文章选取河南省粮食主产区内近10年来的土地资源调查、农用地分等、耕地地力评价、粮食产能核算等多项成果数据,以4.645 0万个行政村为评价单元,采用GIS空间分析法,建立了耕地质量单因素变化及因素指标组合与粮食产能关系曲线,测算了多模型影响下耕地质量因素改变量对粮食产能的影响大小。结果](1)耕地质量影响因素各指标分级变化会引起粮食产能改变,总体上,当耕地所处的环境因素改善后,粮食产能将不断增加,因素指标分级对粮食增产能力的影响大小各不相同,11个因素的理论最大增产量和平均增产能力排序大致相当,但最大与最小间相差约8倍;(2)自然质量分充分体现了因素指标组合状态,四次多项式是表示耕地质量因素组合与粮食产能最佳关系模型,即随着自然质量总分提高,标准粮产量提升值呈现"倒S"型变化,即自然质量总分每变化0.01个单位,标准粮提升或降低78.15kg/hm~2。结论]该文成果为粮食核心区内高标准农田建设提供数据支撑。

MAJOR GRAIN-PRODUCING AREAS OF CULTIVATED LAND QUALITY INFLUENCE FACTORS AND GRAIN PRODUCTION CAPACITY RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS

This paper tries to analyze the effect of the quality of cultivated land on grain yield and to explore the way and method of improving grain production capacity. This paper selects the major grain producing areas in Henan province over the past decade land resources survey, agricultural land classification, evaluation of cultivated land fertility, food production accounted for a number of outcomes data to 46 450 administrative villages as evaluation unit, using GIS spatial analysis method, establishing a single factor charge of cultivated land quality indicators and factors combined with grain production curves; multi-model estimates the impact on food production capacity factors affect the size of the amount of change in the quality of arable land. The results show: (1)Change in classification of each index factors affecting the quality of arable land will cause food production change, in general, when the improvement of the environment in which the factors of arable land, food production will continue to increase, the factors of grain production capacity index grading effect sizes vary, 11 factors the theoretical maximum yield and the average yield increased sorting capacity roughly equivalent, but the difference between the maximum and minimum was about 8 times;(2) Natural quality factor index fully reflects the combination of state and quartic polynomial is a combination of factors and the quality of arable land for food production can be the best relational model, with a natural quality scores improve, the standard grain yield values show "inverted S" change, The natural quality score change every 0.01 units, standard grain raise or lower the 5.21 kg/hm2. This paper concludes that data support is provided for high-standard farmland in the food core.