国外城乡统筹发展的做法与经验

不论是发达国家还是发展中国家,在其工业起步及工业化、城市化发展阶段,城乡居民之间存在着明显的收入差距,而且这种差距在一定时期会持续扩张,这是一种普遍现象。这种现象直接导致二元经济结构的形成,即工业成为相对发达的产业,而农业则相对落后,其直接表现除了收入差距外,还表现为农村居民的生活水平、享受的公共服务、个人发展机会也极大地落后于城市居民。面对上述现实或可能的趋势,不同的国家或地区均采取了一些措施,以解决二元经济结构问题,实现城乡统筹发展的目标或结果。该文首先对西方城乡统筹发展理论的演进进行归纳总结,其次以发达和发展中国家为例分析概括城乡统筹发展的现状及其做法,最后给出对我国城乡统筹发展的借鉴经验。

MODUS OPERANDI AND EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN CITY AND TOWN DEVELOPMENT AS A WHOLE BODY

No matter in a developed country or a developing country,during the industry initiating stage and industrialization and urbanization periods,there are remarkable differences in the residents’ incomes between city and town.These differences will sustain and expand for a certain period of time.It is rifeness phenomena,which directly induces the formation of duality economic structure,i.e.industry becomes a relatively developed domain,while agriculture relatively lags behind.Besides differences in incomes,there are also differences in living standards.The villagers enjoy less public service,personal development opportunity.Facing this reality or possible tendency,different countries or regions all adopt several measures to solve this problem,so as to realize the target of united development of city and town.Firstly,this paper summarizes the theory of city and town simultaneous development in western countries,and then,takes the developed and developing countries as example,analyzes the present situation and modus operandi for city and town simultaneous development.Before ending,the paper provides experiences for China’s reference.