基于超效率DEA模型的中国农业科技资源配置效率动态演化研究

目的]通过测算中国农业科技资源配置效率,分析存在的差异性,为配置效率的提升寻求有效措施。方法]运用超效率DEA,对2001~2014年间中国31个区域的面板数据进行农业科技资源配置效率的全面评估,从中探究区域农业科技资源配置效率的变动趋势和时空特征,构建Malmquist指数以从技术进步水平和技术效率水平考察影响区域农业科技资源配置效率变动的因素。结果]中国各地区整体的配置效率呈现上升趋势,超效率平均值从2001年的0.520上升到2014年的0.764;农业全要素生产率平均增长1.3%,其中综合技术效率指数年均增长4.2%、技术进步变化指数年均下降2.8%;从影响农业科技资源配置效率的技术进步和技术效率来看,技术效率已成为主要因素。从细分的6个区域来看,华东地区全要素生产率平均值最高,西北地区最低。从具体省份情况来看,有17个省(市、区)的全要素生产率指数大于1,其中天津、上海、广东、海南全要素生产率增长较快,年均增长率达到10%以上。结论]提高中国农业科技资源配置效率,可采取优化农业科技资源配置结构,各地根据农业科技资源实际扬长避短、合作共赢,实施农业科技"走出去"战略等措施。

ANALYSIS ON THE DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ALLOCATION EFFICIENCY BASED ON SUPER EFFICIENCY DEA MODEL

By measuring the efficiency of agricultural science and technology resource allocation in China, analyzing the existing differences and seeking effective measures to enhance the allocation efficiency. With the superefficiency DEA model, the comprehensive evaluation of agricultural science and technology resource allocation efficiency was conducted on the panel data of 31 regions in China from 2001 to 2014, and the change trend and spatio-temporal characteristics of regional agricultural science and technology resource allocation efficiency were explored. The Malmquist index was constructed to investigate the factors influencing the efficiency of agricultural science and technology resource allocation in the region from the level of technological progress and technical efficiency. The overall allocation efficiency of all regions in China showed an upward trend. The average value of super efficiency increased from 0.520 in 2001 to 0.764 in 2014. The total factor productivity of agriculture increased by 1.3% on average, in which the comprehensive index of technical efficiency increased at an average annual rate of 4.2%. The index of change in technological progress dropped by 2.8% annually on average. Technical efficiency has become the main factor. From the breakdown of the six regions, East China has the highest total factor productivity, the lowest is in Northwest China. According to the situation of specific provinces, the total factor productivity index of 17 provinces (cities and districts) was greater than 1, of which total factor productivity has been growing rapidly in Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong and Hainan with an average annual growth rate of over 10%. To improve the allocation efficiency of agricultural science and technology resources in China, we can optimize the structure of agricultural science and technology resources allocation. All localities can take advantage of actual agricultural science and technology resources to avoid weaknesses, win-win cooperation and implement "going global" strategies for agricultural science and technology.