我国东北地区农村生活能源消费结构与变化趋势分析

目的]为推动我国区域农村能源结构的可持续发展,系统分析了东北地区1991~2014年农村生活能源消费结构的时空变化特征。方法]以1991~2014年的数据为基础,采用时间序列分析法,对东北地区和分省的农村生活能源消费总量和人均消费量、商品能源和非商品能源结构进行了分析。结果]我国东北地区农村生活能源消费总量和人均消费量分别增加了51.0%和95.6%,2005年以后人均消费量平均增长率达到6.5%。从能源消费结构来看,商品能源消费量呈逐渐升高的趋势,所占比重达到35%;秸秆、柴薪消费比重由65%、16.4%下降至43%、13.7%,而煤、油、燃气、沼气、太阳能比重分别增长至24.6%、2.7%、1.9%、0.3%、1.1%,电的消费量年度间波动较大,体现出东北地区农村生活能源向多样化和商品化方向发展。从区域结构看,东北三省人均生活能源消费量均呈上升趋势,辽宁省人均消费量显著低于吉林省和黑龙江省,家庭取暖能源消耗差异是主要原因;吉林省非商品能源消费比例有所提高,而辽宁省和黑龙江省则呈下降趋势,可能与农民家庭收入水平有关。结论]促进东北地区秸秆能源化利用,是保障农村能源有效供应、推动生态环境保护的重要途径。

ANALYSIS ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION STRUCTURE IN NORTHEAST CHINA

To promote the sustainable development of regional rural energy supply system, the spatial and temporal variation of rural life energy consumption structure in Northeast China was analyzed based on the rural energy data from 1991 to 2014. Using the method of time series analysis, the total life energy consumption and per capita consumption, rural life energy consumption structure in the whole northeast region level and the provincial level were analysed. The results showed that total life energy consumption and per capita consumption increased by 51.0% and 95.6% respectively, with an average growth rate of per capita consumption of 6.5% after 2005. From the energy consumption structure, the proportion of commercial energy consumption gradually increased to 35%. Straw and firewood consumption dropped from 65% and 16.4% to 43% and 13.7%, while the proportion of coal, oil, gas, biogas, solar energy reached 24.6%, 2.7%, 1.9%, 0.3%, 1.1%, respectively. The electricity consumption showed an interannual fluctuation. Overall, the rural life energy in Northeast China turned to diversification and commercialization. The per capita consumption of Liaoning province was lower than that of Jilin and Heilongjiang province, and the household heating energy consumption difference was the main reason. The proportion of non-commodity energy consumption in Jilin increased, while that in Liaoning and Heilongjiang showed a downward trend. Therefore, promoting straw energy utilization in Northeast China region was an important way for the effective supply of rural energy and environmental protection.