自然资源依赖对城乡收入差距的影响研究

［目的］针对全国31个省（市、区）（不含港澳台地区）、自然资源依赖度高的地区和自然资源依赖度低的地区，从整体和分区域研究自然资源依赖对城乡收入差距的影响，探究不同区域其影响程度的差异性，进而为弱化各区域城乡收入差距，解决由城乡收入差距拉大造成的各类社会矛盾具有重要的现实意义。［方法］从理论上分析了自然资源依赖对城乡收入差距的影响，并利用1999—2017年的省级面板数据，运用固定效应模型，从全国和分区域实证分析了自然资源依赖对城乡收入差距的影响。［结果］针对全国，自然资源依赖会拉大城乡收入差距； 分区域结果，针对自然资源依赖度高的地区，自然资源依赖拉大城乡收入差距； 针对自然资源依赖度低的地区，自然资源依赖对城乡收入差距影响不显著。［结论］为缩小城乡收入差距，需要降低经济体对自然资源的依赖，针对自然资源依赖度高的地区，政府通过将部分自然资源收益转化为农业创新基金和农村基础设施投入，促进自然资源收益向农村公共资本转化，完善现有的自然资源收益分配及转化制度； 鼓励资源型产业技术创新，加大研发投入，延长资源产业链； 加大农村教育投入、提升农村人力资本质量。

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEPENDENCE ON URBAN RURAL INCOME GAP

Focusing on 31 provinces in China (excluding Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan), regions with high dependence on natural resources and regions with low dependence on natural resources, this paper studies the differential impacts of natural resource dependence on urban rural income gap from both the national and sub regional perspectives. Findings of this study advance our understanding on how to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas in different regions, which is crucial in reducing the social conflicts caused by the widening income gap between urban and rural areas. Theoretically, this paper contributed to the literature by conceptualizing and analyzing the impact of natural resource dependence on urban rural income gap. Empirically, by using the provincial panel data from 1999 to 2017, this paper employed the fixed effect model to examine the impacts of natural resource dependence on urban rural income gap from both the national and sub regional aspects. For the national level, the dependence on natural resources widens the income gap between urban and rural areas. For the sub regional regression analyses, it turns out that the dependence on natural resources widens the income gap between urban and rural areas for the regions with high dependence on natural resources, whereas, the impact of natural resources dependence on urban and rural income gap is not significant for the regions with low dependence on natural resources. Therefore, in order to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, it is necessary to reduce the dependence of the economy on natural resources. In regions with high dependence on natural resources, the government should consider the follow strategies: (1) promote the transformation of natural resource income into rural public capital by transforming part of natural resource income into agricultural innovation fund and rural infrastructure investment, and improve the existing distribution and transformation system of natural resource income; (2) encourage resource based industrial technology innovation, increase research and development investment, as well as extend the resource industry chain; (3) increase rural education investment and improve the quality of rural human capital.