青海省耕地后备资源特征及限制开发利用的因素分析

［目的］摸底耕地后备资源是实现耕地占补平衡的基础,探明耕地后备资源开发潜力可以为政府部门保障基本农田和国土整治决策提供科学依据。［方法］采用“限制性因子”评价法,综合分析了青海省耕地后备资源开发的宜耕性与限制性。［结果］（1）青海省耕地后备资源总量较少,面积为381万hm2,约占全省现有耕地的640%; （2）集中分布于北部的海西蒙古族藏族自治州和海南藏族自治州; （3）主要以其他草地和沙地两种地类为主,分别占耕地后备资源总量的8689%和540%; （4）从开发的限制性因素分析来看,青海省耕地后备资源总体质量差,加之极端的气候条件,频繁的自然灾害,以及欠发达的社会经济条件,耕地后备资源开发利用难度较大。［结论］青海省耕地后备资源总量较少并且分布较集中,开发利用潜力不大; 该区域宜以保护生态环境为前提,明确功能区划和适度开发耕地后备资源。

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTIVATED LAND RESERVE RESOURCES AND FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR LIMITING THEIR UTILIZATION IN QINGHAI PROVINCE

Exploring the characteristics of cultivated land reserve resources will offer the basis for realizing the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation. Clarifying the development potential of cultivated land reserve resources can provide a scientific ground for government departments to guarantee basic farmland and make decisions for land consolidation. In this study, the "restrictive factor" evaluation method was used to make a comprehensive analysis for the cultivability and restriction of cultivated land reserve resources in Qinghai province. The results showed that (1) The total amount of cultivated land reserve resources in Qinghai province was relatively small, with an area of 3.81×104 hm2, accounting for 6.40% of the provincial existing cultivated land area; (2) The cultivated land reserve resources were mainly distributed in the Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in northern Qinghai; (3)The cultivated land reserve resources were dominated by the cultivable grassland and sandy land that occupied 86.89% and 5.40% of the total area of the cultivated land reserve resources, respectively; (4) Based on the analysis of factors that limit the development, overall, the cultivated land reserve resources in Qinghai province were difficult to develop and utilize because of their poor quality in addition to extreme climate, frequent natural disasters and underdeveloped socio economic conditions. In a word, the cultivated land reserve resources in Qinghai province are characterized by a small amount of area, concentrated distributions and low potential for development and utilization. Thus, the cultivated land reserve resources in Qinghai province should be moderately developed and utilized based on ecological and environmental protection and clarification of functional zoning.