东北地区耕地利用效率时空差异及其影响因素分析

目的]对东北地区36个市(州)2005~2014年耕地利用效率进行测度,分析其时空差异,并找出耕地利用效率的影响因素。方法]利用数据包络分析(DEA)方法计算得出各年各地区效率值,并利用Tobit回归模型其影响因素。结果]2005~2014年东北地区耕地利用效率相对较高,规模效率值较为稳定,纯技术效率值波动上升,纯技术效率始终是影响综合效率的主要原因;黑龙江省的综合效率水平高于吉林省与辽宁省;在分解效率方面,黑龙江省的纯技术效率水平高于吉林省与辽宁省,吉林省的规模效率高于黑龙江省与辽宁省;受区域农业发展水平影响,不同地区农业投入的资源水平存在差异,综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均呈现出由黑龙江省向吉林省、辽宁省扩张的空间格局;从影响因素来看,受灾面积占农作物播种面积比重、单位耕地面积农用机械总动力、单位耕地面积施肥量、农村劳动力人均播种面积共同作用于东北地区耕地利用效率。结论]东北地区耕地利用效率时空差异明显,多种因素共同影响地区耕地利用效率。

ANALYSIS OF CULTIVATED LAND USE EFFICIENCY AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS FOR NORTHEAST CHINA

Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) method, this paper measured cultivated land use efficiency in 36 cities (state) of the Northeast China from 2005 to 2014, and analyzed the temporal and spatial differences and factors using Tobit regression model. The results showed that the efficiency was relatively high by years of 2005~2014, the scale efficiency was stable, and the pure technical efficiency value continued to increase. The pure technical efficiency was always the main reason affecting the overall efficiency. The overall efficiency level of Heilongjiang province was higher than that of Jilin province and Liaoning province. The pure technical efficiency of Heilongjiang province was higher than that of Jilin province and Liaoning province. The scale efficiency in Jilin province was higher than that of Heilongjiang province and Liaoning province. The comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency expanded from Heilongjiang province to Jilin province and Liaoning province. The affecting factors included the affected area accounting for crop acreage proportion, unit land area of total power of agricultural machinery, fertilizer amount per unit of farmland, rural labor force per capita sown area of interaction in the northeast area of cultivated land use efficiency.