土地利用类型变化与生态系统服务价值分析——以赤峰市农牧交错带为例

随着经济的快速发展,土地利用变化频繁,生态问题日益凸显。为了探究土地利用与生态系统的密切联系,为生态建设提供理论依据,以内蒙古赤峰市农牧交错带为研究区,基于1997年、2004年和2011年的三期TM影像数据,运用土地利用动态度分析土地利用类型变化,并参照中国陆地生态系统服务价值的计算方法估算出研究区的生态系统服务价值。结果表明,研究区3期的耕、林、草面积均占土地总面积的90%左右;土地利用类型变化明显,在1997~2011年耕地面积先减少后增加,林地面积一直持续增加,草地面积不断减少;研究区的生态系统服务价值呈增长趋势,草地和林地对生态系统服务价值贡献最大,占总价值的85%左右;各土地利用类型的敏感性指数均小于1,说明研究区生态系统服务价值对所采用的生态服务价值系数缺乏弹性,研究结果具有一定可信度。土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值具有直接影响,科学合理利用土地对生态系统具有重要意义。

STUDY ON THE LAND USE CHANGES AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES VALUE OF ECOTONE BETWEEN AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN CHIFENG CITY

With the rapid economic development, land-use change and ecological problems have become increasingly serious. Ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry is a typical ecological fragile zone in China. Rapid development of desertification, grassland degradation, and the deteriorated ecological environment obviously affected the local social and economic development. In order to explore the close links between utilization of land and ecological system and provide a theoretical basis for ecological construction, taking the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Chifeng City as the study area, this paper used the dynamic degree of land-use to analyze the variation of land-use in the study area of Chifeng City based on the TM remote sensing data of 1997, 2004 and 2011 year, and estimated the value of ecological system services in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Chifeng City referring to the evaluation method of China terrestrial ecological system services value. The results showed that farmland, forestland, grassland area accounted for about 90% of the total area of the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Chifeng City. The type of land-use changed significantly. The area of farmland decreased first and increased afterward from 1997 to 2011 year. The area of forestland constantly increased and grassland decreased continuously. The value of ecological system services showed a growing trend in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Chifeng City. The grassland and forestland contributed 85% of the value of ecological system services. The sensitivity index of all of land-use type was less than 1, which indicated that the ecological system services value was inelastic on its service value index in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Chifeng City. Land use change had a direct impact on the value of ecological system services. Using land scientifically and reasonably had important significance for the ecological system. This paper can provide the theoretical support for making reasonable adjustments to the current ecological construction policy in the study area, formulating scientific and reasonable ecological planning, and realizing regional sustainable development.