大豆种植适宜性精细评价及种植合理性分析——以东北三省为例

该文建立了一套涵盖自然和经济影响因子的大豆适宜性评价指标体系,并以东北为例进行了适宜性的研究;指标体系中不但考虑了温度、降水和日照气候3个要素在不同生长期对于大豆种植适宜性的影响,还应用了基础设施、科技进步及农民意愿等社会经济因子评价大豆生长适宜性。在获取东北三省大豆适宜性等级图的基础上,将其与东北三省实际大豆种植区域进行对比,结果发现:(1)东北三省大豆种植适宜性属于中上水平,适宜区、中间等级区及非适宜区的面积分别为9.09万km2,11.45万kkm2和7.99万km2,约占东北全境面积的11.5%,14.49%和10.11%;(2)松嫩平原是最适合于大豆生长的区域,而三江平原由于日照等因素并非大豆种植的绝佳地带;(3)通过对比计算,适宜区、中间等级区及非适宜区与大豆实际种植区符合面积分别占大豆实际种植面积的24.78%,46.30%和28.92%,而黑龙江省为15.39%,51.70%,32.91%,说明黑龙江省大豆种植结构略欠合理。在研究结果基础上,建议农业及相关部门在保护农民切身利益的情况下适当调整大豆种植的空间结构。

PRECISELY ASSESSMENT ON SOYBEAN GROWTH SUITABILITY AND ANALYSIS ON ITS CULTIVATION REASONABILITY-TAKING THE NORTHEAST CHINA AS AN EXAMPLE

This paper established an integrated indicators system to map suitability for cultivating spring soybean in the northeast China.The indicators system not only involved biophysical and socio-economic factors(including infrastructure,scientific advancement and farmer’s willingness),but also embodied the effects of temperature,precipitation,and sunshine on the individual development stages of spring soybean life cycle.Comparing suitability map with practical growth map for spring soybean,this paper found where soybean cultivation in the study area needs to be adjusted.The findings of this study were:(1) the Northeast China was positioned in the middle and high level of the suitability scale for spring soybean growth.The suitable,mediate level,and unsuitable areas were approximately 9.09×104km2,11.45×104km2 and 7.99×104km2,accounting for 11.5%,14.49% and 10.11% of the total area of the Northeast China,respectively;(2) Meanwhile,the Songnen Plain was the most suitable place for spring soybean growth,but the Sanjiang Plain was not;(3) The suitable,mediate and unsuitable areas matching practical growth regions respectively accounted for 24.78%,46.30% and 28.92% of the total soybean practical growth area.The soybean cultivation in Heilongjiang province was unreasonable since the same percentages were 15.39%,51.70%,32.91%.Authors suggested that agricultural sector should duly adjust agricultural cultivation structure under the condition of guaranteeing farmers’ benefit.