要素市场扭曲对农业全要素生产率空间影响效应分解研究

目的 通过对要素市场扭曲下的农业全要素生产率的系统分析，以期为提升农业全要素生产率以及要素市场改革进程中的中国农业可持续发展提供参考。方法 文章基于资本、劳动力、土地等要素市场严重扭曲的事实，利用1997—2018年中国28个省（ 市、自治区）面板数据，通过构建空间计量模型检验要素市场扭曲对农业全要素生产率的空间影响及其溢出效应。结果 中国资本市场、劳动力市场、土地等要素市场扭曲度比较高，同时呈现显著地区差异；中国农业全要素生产率增长以技术进步驱动为主，大多数省份的技术效率不高，同时呈现出东部地区高于中西部地区的区域不平衡特点；要素市场扭曲对农业全要素生产率的影响为负，资本市场、劳动力市场、土地等要素市场扭曲在一定程度上阻碍农业全要素生产率的提升；要素市场扭曲对全要素生产率具有一定的空间溢出效应，也在一定程度抑制了全要素生产率增长。结论 考虑要素市场扭曲对农业全要素生产率影响的空间分析，更能客观反映当前不断深化的农业农村改革发展所引发的地区差距，应充分重视要素市场扭曲对农业全要素生产率的空间溢出效应，通过要素市场化改革，持续加大涉农政策调整，不断加大对农业农村生产经营的金融资源投入，逐步实现农业全要素生产率的全面提升。

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF FACTOR MARKET DISTORTION ON AGRICULTURAL TFP AND SPATIAL EFFECT

Based on the systematic analysis of agricultural total factor productivity under the distortion of factor market, this paper aims to provide reference for the improvement of agricultural total factor productivity and the sustainable development of China''s agriculture in the process of factor market reform. Based on the fact that the capital, labor, land and other factor markets were severely distorted, this paper used the panel data of 28 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 1997 to 2018 to construct a spatial econometric model, and used the model to test the spatial impact of factor market distortions on agricultural total factor productivity and its spillover effects. The results showed that China''s capital market, labor market, land and other factor market distortions were relatively high, and there were significant regional differences. The growth of agricultural total factor productivity in China was mainly driven by technological progress, and the technical efficiency of most provinces was not high. At the same time, the eastern region was higher than the central and western regions, showing the regional imbalance. The influence of factor market distortion on agricultural total factor productivity was negative. The factor market distortion, such as capital market, labor market and land, hindered the improvement of agricultural total factor productivity to a certain extent. Factor market distortion had a certain spatial spillover effect on total factor productivity, and also restrained the growth of total factor productivity to a certain extent. In summary, considering the spatial analysis of the impact of factor market distortion on agricultural total factor productivity, it can more objectively reflect the regional gap caused by the deepening reform and development of agricultural and rural areas. We should pay more attention to the spatial spillover effect of factor market distortion on agricultural total factor productivity, through the reform of factor marketization, we will continue to increase the adjustment of agricultural policies, increase the investment in financial resources for agricultural and rural production and operation, so as to gradually achieve the overall improvement of agricultural total factor productivity.