国外农业面源污染控制政策的研究进展及启示

我国水污染严重,富营养化问题突出,农业面源污染已成为水体富营养化的主要原因。该文对国外农业面源污染控制政策领域中的主要研究进行了疏理,简要回顾与评论了基于投入的政策和基于水质的政策,认为农业面源污染排放的分散性和随机性决定了其控制政策不能以排放量为设计基础。由于设计与执行政策的信息成本过高,基于水质的政策只停留在理论研究层面。基于投入的政策具有更强的现实可行性。

FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL POLICIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

The problem of water pollution,especially water eutrophication,is very serious in China.Agricultural nonpoint pollution has been the main contributor to the water eutrophication.This paper conducted a literature review on foreign agricultural nonpoint pollution control policies,and briefly reviewed and commented on the input-based policies and policies based on water quality.Agricultural non-point pollution control policies can not be based on emission rate,because the emission rates of agricultural pollutants were usually diffuse and stochastic,on which traditional point source pollution control policies often based.The policies based on water quality were only stayed in the theoretic field due to their high information requirements,however that input-based policies were more feasible.