1986~2016年呼伦湖水域面积动态变化及与气候因素关系研究

［目的］呼伦湖是内蒙古自治区第一大湖，在呼伦贝尔市生态保护和经济发展中发挥着不可替代的重要作用，动态监测呼伦湖水域面积是呼伦湖保护和可持续发展的基础。［方法］以呼伦湖地区1986~2016年Landsat系列卫星TM、ETM+、OLI影像，通过目视解译提取呼伦湖31年的水域面积，分析其在时间和空间上变化特征，并探寻其动态变化的气候驱动因素。［结果］（1）1986~2016年呼伦湖水域面积动态变化可分为4个阶段，呼伦湖水域面积最大为1991年的2315.94万km2，最小为2012年的1761.90万km2；（2）呼伦湖水域面积与生长季平均相对湿度呈极显著正相关关系，降水量、平均气温、蒸发量虽然在统计上与呼伦湖水域面积无显著相关关系，但间接地与平均相对湿度存在显著的相关关系；呼伦湖水域面积与乌尔逊河、克鲁伦河年径流量呈极显著正相关关系。［结论］从长期来看，呼伦湖水域面积整体呈下降趋势，主要减少区域分布在东北部及南部；不同气候因素对呼伦湖水域面积存在直接或间接的相关关系且影响各异，需综合考虑。

STUDY ON DYNAMIC CHANGE OF HULUN LAKE WATER AREA AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CLIMATIC FACTORS DURING 1986~2016

Hulun Lake, as the largest lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, plays an irreplaceable role in the eco-protection and economic development in Hulunber city, and dynamic monitoring the water area of the lake is essential for its protection and sustainable development. We extracted the water area of Hulun Lake in 31 years with visual interpretation based on the TM, ETM+, OLI images of Landsat from 1986 to 2016, and analyzed the change features of the lake in time and space to explore the climatic driving features in its dynamic change. The result showed that (1) there were four phases from 1986 to 2016 in the dynamic water area change of Hulun Lake. The biggest area appeared in 1991, which was 231594 hm2, and the smallest area of 176190 hm2 in 2012; (2) there was significant positive correlation between the water area of the lake and annual relative humidity in growing season, although precipitation, average temperature, evaporation were no significant correlation in statistics with the water area, but had significantly correlation with the average relative humidity, the annual runoff of Wuerxun River and Kelulun River were significant positive correlations with the water area. The water area of Hulun Lake generally decreased in the long time, and the major reduced areas in the northeast and south, a comprehensive consideration should be taken since many climatic elements affect the water area differently.