西北地区农村居民点景观格局指数的尺度效应及其最佳粒度选择分析——以西安市为例

文章以西安市2013年土地利用调查数据为源数据,基于arcgis10.0与Fragstats3.4软件,运用景观空间格局的分析方法,从斑块、类型等2个水平上分析西安市农村居民点景观空间格局粒度效应。结果表明:(1)粒度效应敏感的指数有斑块密度、斑块个数、分离度指数、邻近度指数,粒度效应比较敏感的指数有平均斑块面积、最大斑块指数,粒度效应最不敏感的指数有形状指数、聚集度指数及结合度指数。(2)大致可将上述9种景观指数分为3类:第一类,随着粒度的增大,景观指数值表现为下降的变化趋势;第二类,随着粒度的增大,景观指数值呈逐渐增大的趋势;第三类,随着尺度的增大,具有显著的尺度转折,可预测性差。(3)随着粒度的粗化,农村居民点破碎度降低,优势度增加,形状变得规则,分布趋向分散。该研究区农村居民点最佳尺度范围为60~90m,适宜粒度为90m。

ANALYSIS OF THE SCALE EFFECT ON LANDSCAPE SPATITAL PATTERN OF RURAL RESIDENTIAL AREA——TAKING XIAN CITY AS AN EXAMPLE

Based on the survey data of land use and the software of arcgisl0.0 and Fragstats3.4,this paper ana lyzed the landscape spatial pattern of the rural residents in Xi'an cityfrom the two levels of plaque and type adopting the method of landscape pattern analysis.The results showed that the sensitive index on size effect included patch density,patch number,separation index,proximity index;and the less sensitive index included average patch area and the largest patch;the not sensitive index included shape index,aggregation index and integrated index.All the indexes could be roughly divided into 3 categories,for the first category,landscape index showed a downward trend with the increase of particle size;for the second category,the index value increased gradually with the increase of particle size;for the third category,the index had significant scale turning with the increase of scale.With the increase of the scale,the rural residential fragmentation decreased,the shape become regular,the distribution scattered.It concluded that the best scale of the resident was 60-90m,the suitable size was 90m.