北京市休闲农业园区空间分布特征研究

文章借助地理信息系统,利用调查的703个休闲农业园区的点位数据,对北京市休闲农业园区的空间分布特征进行了分析,为政府部门对休闲农业进行政策扶持,提供公共服务,以及有的放矢地进行休闲农业园区的提档升级进行决策支撑。从最邻近指数、洛伦兹曲线和地理集中指数以及基尼系数3个方面进行了空间分布类型的测定,结果显示北京市休闲农业空间布局类型是集聚型;利用核密度法、空间分布热点来分析空间分布密度,在密度较高的地区主要集中在昌平、顺义、海淀和通州,热点区域主要集中在昌平、海淀、顺义和怀柔;通过缓冲区分析和二次函数曲线拟合来分析观光园区点位与客源市场的关系,在与一级市场的关系来看,形成30~50km的高密度环,在与二级市场的关系来看,形成10~15km的高密度带,休闲园区分布随距离衰减的规律是先增加后减少;在交通网络密度方面,整体的路网密度较密集,呈现由中部向东西部逐步降低的趋势。从交通网络通达度来看,呈现环状分布兼块状分布相结合的趋势。网络交通度最高的园区分布在昌平、顺义还有海淀的一部分。结论:(1)北京的休闲农业园区发展已经达到了集聚程度,但集中程度不是很高,还有发展的潜力与空间。(2)密度较高的地方主要集中于昌平、顺义、海淀,在密度较高的地方交通网络通达度也较高,可以在密集程度较高的地方设立中转站或联络站点。(3)从距离客源市场的分布图分析,休闲农业的发展受客源市场影响较大。(4)交通网络密度,基本上按照圈层分布,要扩大休闲农业旅游市场范围,进一步增强休闲农业旅游的吸引力。

STUDY ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LEISURE AGRICULTURAL PARK IN BEIJING

Based on the geographic information system (GIS) and the investigation data of 703 leisure agriculture parks, this paper analyzed the space distribution characteristics of leisure agricultural parks for decision-making support. The nearest neighbor index, the Lorenz curve, the geographic concentration index, and Gini coefficient were used to assess the type of spatial distribution. The results showed that the leisure agriculture in Beijing showed a cluster type layout. The high density area mainly concentrated in Changping, Shunyi, Haidian and Tongzhou, the hot areas mainly concentrated in Changping, Haidian, Shunyi and Huairou based on the kernel density method.The relationship between sightseeing park sites and tourist market using the buffer analysis and quadratic function curve fitting formed a high density ring of 30-50km with the market level, and 10-15km belt with the second tourist market.Leisure park distribution decreased with the distance attenuation.The traffic network density gradually decreased from the central to the east and west. The parks with the highest degree of network traffic mainly distributed in Changping, Shunyi and Haidian.It concluded that(1) the development of leisure agricultural park in Beijing had reached the degree of agglomeration, but the degree of concentration was not very high. (2) The high density areas mainly concentrated in Yu Changping, Shunyi, Haidian. (3)For the distance of the distribution of tourist market, the development of leisure agriculture was greatly influenced by the market. (4)It should expand the market scope of leisure agriculture tourism, and enhance the attractiveness of tourism and leisure agriculture.