岩溶区山—坝系统土地利用演化及其空间分异特征

目的]分析岩溶地区山—坝系统土地利用演化及其空间分异的特征,可为岩溶区国土空间优化、乡村振兴和生态保护提供决策支持。方法]在界定山—坝系统的概念,构建山—坝系统土地利用演化特征分析框架的基础上,以典型山—坝系统惠水县为研究区,将其划分为坝区、山坝交错区、山区3个子系统,并采用3S技术、景观格局空间分析、生态系统服务价值估算等方法,对1990—2016年研究区土地利用演化及分异特征进行系统分析。结果](1)空间形态方面,研究区各子系统总体上耕地存量减少,建设用地和水域增加,林地、草地、未利用地波动变化。土地利用程度综合指数在坝区持续增加,山坝交错区波动上升,山区呈下降趋势。坝区、山坝交错区和山区景观格局破碎化程度均上升。(2)功能形态方面,各子系统生活功能增加且增速快,生产功能面积不同程度减少,而生态功能则是在山区先减后增,在坝区、山坝交错区减少。总生态系统服务功能价值在山区先缩减后增高,其他两个子系统变化与山区相反。结论]不同历史时期坝区、山坝交错区、山区的土地利用演化方向及其空间格局分异显著。研究成果对探讨贵州省不同区位条件、不同产业类型、不同地质背景山—坝系统的土地利用问题,统筹山坝系统耕地保护与经济发展的关系具有参考价值。

LAND USE EVOLUTION AND SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATIO CHARACTERISTICS OF MOUNTAIN BASIN SYSTEM IN KARST AREA

Analyzing the characteristics of land use evolution of mountain basin system in karst area can provide decision support for land space optimization, rural revitalization and ecological protection in karst area. On the basis of defining the concept of mountain basin system and constructing the analysis framework of land use evolution characteristics of mountain basin system, this paper took Huishui county, a typical mountain basin system, as an empirical study area, divided it into three subsystems, namely, basin area, mountain basin intersection area and mountain area. And it systematically analyzed the land use evolution and differentiation characteristics of the study area from 1990 to 2016 by using 3S technology, landscape pattern spatial analysis and ecosystem service value estimation methods. The results showed that: (1) In terms of spatial morphology, the stock of cultivated land in all sub systems of the study area decreased, the construction land and water area increased, and forest land, grassland and unused land changed. The comprehensive index of land use degree increased continuously in the basin area, the fluctuation rose in the mountain basin intersection area, and the mountain area showed a downward trend. The fragmentation degree of landscape pattern in the basin area, the mountain basin intersection area and the mountain area increased. (2) In terms of functional forms, the living function of each subsystem increased rapidly, the area of production function decreased to varying degrees, while the ecological function of mountain areas decreased first and then increased, and decreased in the basin area and the mountain basin intersection area. The value of total ecosystem services decreased first and then increased in mountainous areas, while another two subsystems changed in the opposite direction. There are significant differences in the direction and spatial pattern of land use evolution in different historical periods in basin areas, mountain and basin crisscross areas and mountain areas. The research results have reference value for exploring the land use problems of different mountain basin systems in different location conditions, different industry types and different geological backgrounds in Guizhou province, and coordinating the relationship between cultivated land protection and economic development in mountain basin systems.