耕地保护及其必要性:不同兼业程度农户的认知与意愿——基于珠三角的调查与实证

目的]探究不同兼业程度的农户对耕地、耕地保护、耕地保护补偿的认知差异,并通过回归方程探究不同兼业程度的农户对实行耕地保护政策必要性认知的影响因素,以期为激发农户的耕地保护积极性,优化耕地保护政策的实施绩效提供依据。方法]运用农户调查问卷和二元Logistic回归模型,以农户认为实行耕地保护政策是否必要为因变量,以反映农户特征、耕作情况、耕地认知情况、耕地保护态度的13个变量为自变量,对农户认为是否有必要实行耕地保护政策及其影响因素进行分析。结果]农户类型在1%的水平上显著,纯农户认为实行耕地保护政策的必要性低于两类兼业农户;性别因素在5%的水平上显著,女性农户更认为实行耕地保护政策是必要的;家庭农业年收入在1%的显著水平上呈正向影响;耕地质量和耕地保护行为认知程度这两个多分类变量均只有个别哑变量显著。结论]加大农户层面耕地保护必要性和重要性的宣传教育;国家级耕地保护补偿统一化,各省、市可实行差异化的耕地保护补偿政策;尽可能满足农户的真实诉求,给农户选择耕地保护方式的自由;鼓励耕地流转和托管,创新和完善相关制度设计。

CULTIVATED LAND PROTECTION AND ITS NECESSITY:COGNITION AND WILLINGNESS OF FARMERS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EMPLOYMENT——BASED ON INVESTIGATION AND EVIDENCE OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA

The paper aimed to explore the differences in cognition of cultivated land,cultivated land protection and cultivated land protection compensation among farmers with different levels of concurrent employment and explore the influencing factors of farmers think"adopted a policy of cultivated land protection is necessary",so as to arouse the enthusiasm of farmers to protect cultivated land and provide a policy basis for optimizing the implementation performance of cultivated land protection policies.Farmers′survey questionnaire and logistic model were employed to analyze influencing factors,in which whether farmers think it was necessary to implement the cultivated land protection policy was used as the dependent variable,and 13 variables that reflected the characteristics of farmers,farming situation,cultivated land cognition and cultivated land protection attitude were taken as independent variables.The results showed that the type of farmers was significant at the level of 1%,pure farmers believed that the necessity of implementing cultivated land protection policies was lower than that of two types of part-time farmers;gender factors were significant at 5%,and female farmers think that it was necessary to implement cultivated land protection policies;the annual income of family farming had a positive impact on the significant level of 1%;the two multi-category variables of cultivated land quality and cultivated land conservation behavior awareness were only significant for individual dummy variables.The countermeasures are proposed as follows:publicity and education to increase the necessity and importance of cultivated land protection at the farmer level;national cultivated land protection compensation can be unified,and provinces and municipalities can implement differentiated cultivated land protection compensation policies;to meet the real demands of farmers as much as possible,to give farmers the freedom to choose the way of cultivated land protection;to encourage the transfer and trusteeship of cultivated land,to innovate and improve the relevant system design.