基于生态承载力的河套地区农业生态环境可持续发展评价

目的]根据农业生态环境发展情况,从生态弹性力、资源环境承载力和人类经济协调力3个角度切入,对河套地区农业生态环境发展状况进行调查与分析,为科学制定农业生态环境保护政策和保障河套地区农业可持续发展提供理论参考。方法]文章基于生态承载力构建农业生态环境指标评价体系,采用标准差化法和层次分析法相结合的方法确定指标权重,利用状态空间法计算研究区域的生态承载力指数。结果]河套地区不同区域间的生态承载力存在显著差异,磴口县和乌拉特前旗生态承载力相对较弱。2000—2017年河套地区生态弹性力、资源环境承载力和人类经济协调力指数都呈上升趋势,表明该地区农业生态环境质量趋于好转,正在向可持续发展方向转变。2017年研究数据表明不同地区都基本达到了农业生态环境的可持续性,整体上农业生态环境处于较安全级别。结论]河套地区农业生态环境发展已基本达到可持续状态,农业经济发展和资源利用方式逐渐符合可持续发展要求,但目前整体生态安全级别尚未达到理想状态。在今后的发展中应该继续加强农业生态环保监督工作,进一步落实生态环保措施。

ASSESSINGTHE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGROECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN TERMS OF ECOLOGICAL CARRYING CAPACITY IN THE HETAO AREA

This study investigates and analyzes the development of the agroecological environment in the HetaoArea from three perspectives of ecological elasticity, carrying capacity of resources, and coordination capacity of the human economy. The findings from this study provide theoretical references for making the policies of agricultural ecological environment protection and sustaining the agricultural development in the Hetao Area. The assessment system of the agroecological environment indices constructed in terms of ecological carrying capacity was used for this study. The index weight was determined by using the standard deviation and analytic hierarchy process methods. The ecological carrying capacity indices were calculated by using the state space method. Data in this study showed that there were significant differences in the ecological carrying capacities among various regions in the Hetao area. The ecological carrying capacities of Dengkou county and UlatQianqi were significantly weaker than that of other regions. The indices of ecological elasticity, carrying capacity of resources, and coordination capacity of the human economy had an increasing trend from 2000 to 2017 in the Hetao area. These results indicated that the quality of the agroecological environment in this area was improving in meeting the goal of sustainable development. Moreover, the findings from this study in 2017 showed that the sustainability of the ecological environment in the Hetao area was mostly realized. The agroecological environment development was commonly at a safe level. The agroecological environment in the Hetao area generally realizes sustainable development. The agricultural economic development and resource utilization generally meets the needs of sustainable development. However, ecological security does not reach its desired level. Future work is needed to continuously intensify the supervision work of agroecological environmental protection and further implement the policies and measures of ecological environmental protection.