陕西新型农业经营主体发展存在的问题与对策研究

目的]培育和发展新型农业经营主体(主要包括专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、农业龙头企业等四大主体)是深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革,加快培育农业农村发展新动能,发展现代农业的关键。在分析陕西新型农业经营主体发展存在的问题的基础上,提出促进其进一步发展的对策和建议。方法]文章运用文献分析和实地调研相结合的研究方法,分析了当前陕西省新型农业经营主体发展的现状和存在的问题。结果]现状主要表现为数量规模快速发展;经营模式不断创新;辐射带动能力逐步增强;发展环境日益优化,新型职业农民不断壮大等方面。在快速发展的同时,陕西新型农业经营主体发展也面临很多制约因素,即组织化程度低,发展能力普遍较弱;土地流转难,规模化进程缓慢;融资渠道相对单一,融资成本较高;农业科技创新能力弱,农业科技贡献率较低;新型职业农民培育体系不健全,人才缺口较大;政府支持政策不足,政策落实效率不高等因素。结论]有针对性地提出实施依法推进土地经营权有序流转、创新金融支农机制、健全新型职业农民培训体系、强化农业科技创新、加大政策支持力度等措施,来保障陕西新型农业经营主体进一步发展的土地规模、资金、人才、科技和政策等需求,以增强其持续发展能力。

PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT SUBGECT IN SHAANXI

To cultivate and develop new agricultural business entities is the key to further promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and accelerate the development of modern agriculture.The new agricultural business entities mainly include family farms, large specialized households, farmers′ professional cooperatives, leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization, etc.On the basis of analyzing the existing problems of the development of the new agricultural business entities in Shaanxi, this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestion, using the method of literature analysis and empirical research.The results showed that the number and scale of the new agricultural business entities increased rapidly, the business model innovated continuously, and the radiating capacity increased, the environment for the development optimized, and the new professional farmers was growing.However, there were still some problems, such as low degree of organization, weak development ability, the difficulty of land circulation, and the slow process for the land to be circulated, relative single financing channel, high cost of financing ability, weak agricultural science and technology innovation, inadequate training system for the group of new professional farmers, lack of government supporting policies, and low policy efficiency.Finally, it put forward some measures, such as promoting orderly transfer of land management rights, bringing new ideas on financial supporting agriculture mechanism, improving the mechanism on the new professional farmers training, strengthening the agricultural science and technology innovation, and increasing policy support, so as to guarantee the further development of new agricultural business entities.