北京休闲农业发展现状特征及对策建议

目的]休闲农业是北京旅游市场新的经济增长点,其可持续发展对"十三五"时期北京都市型现代农业健康发展具有重要意义。通过分析北京休闲农业的发展特征并提出针对性建议,以期为促进北京市城乡交流、实现农民增收提供理论依据。方法]文章主要对2006~2015年北京农业观光园、民俗旅游等2种主要休闲业态的总体现状、经营主体数量、从业人数、经营收入、接待人次等的时空演化开展定量分析。基于分析结果提出以市场为导向,加快转型升级;加强生态资源保护性开发;加紧文化创意元素融合;加速"互联网+休闲农业"布局等休闲农业未来发展的建议。结果]北京的休闲农业呈现四大特征:(1)农业观光园的"产品消费外扩与食宿消费内聚"趋势并存,合力影响北京农业观光园时空演化进程;(2)民俗旅游呈现以"空心化、亲自然"为特征的持续性远郊热,生态涵养发展区民俗旅游发展持续巩固;(3)休闲农业市场邻近性的优势渐弱,休闲农业总体呈向外部扩散趋势;(4)休闲农业对自然旅游资源的依附性趋强,旅游自然资源富集区休闲农业发展优势明显。结论]北京部分农业观光园出现增速放缓,收入大幅下降的局面,农业观光园转型发展需求迫切;北京近10年民俗旅游收入和接待人次实现较大幅度增长,但民俗旅游经营户的经营收入、人均消费水平仍相对较低,需对民俗旅游的经营水平和盈利能力作进一步提升。

CHARACTERISTICS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF LEISURE AGRICULTURE DEVEIOPMENT IN BEIJING

As an important part of modern agriculture in Beijing, Leisure agriculture has become an important way of promoting urban and rural communication and increasing farmers′ income.The healthy and orderly development of Leisure agriculture is of great significance to guarantee the sustainable development of urban modern agriculture in Beijing during "the 13th Five-Year" period.Two major leisure activities, i.e.agricultural tourism park and folk tourism in Beijing, were analyzed in this paper.Based on the quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of the two major leisure activities, using the data of overall situation, the number of business entities, the number of employees, operating income and tourist reception numbers from 2006 to 2015, this paper analyzed the four characteristics of Beijing′s leisure agriculture.Firstly, product consumption and accommodation consumption together influenced the spatial and temporal evolution process of Beijing agricultural tourism park.Secondly,folk tourism presented the characteristics of "away from the center, close to nature ", and the development of folk tourism continued to be consolidated in Ecological Conservation Development Zone.Thirdly,leisure agriculture had the general trend of external diffusion.Finally,leisure agriculture depended on natural tourism resources, and the area of abundant natural resources had obvious advantages.Based on the current situation and characteristics of the development of leisure agriculture in Beijing, it put forward four suggestions to further improve leisure agriculture in Beijing: speeding up the market-oriented transformation and upgrading;accelerating the layout of "Internet + leisure agriculture";strengthening the development of ecological resources protection;and promoting the integration of culture creativity elements.