河北省小麦生产成本收益分析

文章运用成本分析与文献分析相结合的研究方法,对2010~2014年河北省小麦生产中的生产成本、人工费用及土地成本等主要收益指标进行了细致分析,揭示了成本收益的变化规律。研究结果表明:导致河北省小麦生产成本过高的主要原因是物质与服务费中的化肥、机械费、燃油费及人工费用的不断攀升。同时在全国小麦市场价格的下行压力下,河北省又常常遭遇干旱、病虫害胁迫,致使全省单位面积小麦的纯收益跳跃幅度较大,小麦总体收益偏低。其中,2011年与2013年纯收益甚至出现负值。该文通过实际调研,提出了加强技术创新、提高种植小麦补贴标准、提高农业机械化水平、转变经营方式,积极推进小麦产业化、发展多种形式的深加工产业等对策。此外,在稳定产量的基础上,又提出降低成本,提高小麦单价,增加农民收益的建议,进而为河北省小麦生产的可持续发展提供参考依据。

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ON WHEAT PRODUCTION IN HEBEIPROVINCE

This paper analyzed the major profit index such as production costs, labor costs and land costs, in the wheat production of Hebei province from 2010 to 2014, using the methods of cost analysis and literature analysis. And then it revealed the variation regulations of cost benefits. The results showed that: the main reason for the high cost of the wheat production in Hebei province was the increase of fertilizer, machinery, fuel and labor costs. Meanwhile,Hebei province suffered the drought stress, the disease and insect pest stress under the downward pressure of wheat market price that the net income of per unit area of wheat had large variations, and hence the overall income of wheat was low in Hebei province. Especially the net income was negative in 2011 and 2013. It proposed some countermeasures including strengthening the technological innovation, improving wheat subsidy standards and the level of agricultural mechanization, changing the style of management, promoting the wheat industry activity, and developing the form of the deep processing industry. In addition, it suggested that it should decrease costs, increase wheat price and farmers' income while keeping wheat yield preproduction stable in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of wheat production in Hebei province.