生态补偿对水源地农户可持续生计能力的影响研究——基于改进的DFID生计分析框架

目的 为检验生态补偿在水源地农户可持续生计能力发展方面的实施效果。方法 文章在调整DFID生计分析框架的基础上，改进基于生计资本测量农户可持续生计能力的方法，并利用该方法评价生态补偿前后东平湖水源地农户可持续生计能力变化情况。结果 （1）从整体上看，实施生态补偿政策以来东平湖水源地保护区农户生计可持续性得到显著增强，可持续生计能力从补偿前的0.302增至补偿后的0.323，但当地农户可持续生计能力仍处于较弱水平，需要进一步加强；（2）从生计资本来看，补偿后人力、社会、信息、物质、自然、金融、环境资本指数值分别为0.384、0.459、0.508、0.450、0.016、0.258、0.901，自然、金融、人力资本存量较低是当地农户生计可持续发展的短板；（3）值得注意的是，补偿后信息资本与物质、金融、环境资本之间的相关性显著提高，而自然资本与物质、人力资本之间的相关性显著降低，表明水源地农户的生产方式正逐步由传统农业向现代化农业或非农行业过渡。结论 当地政府应致力于提高自然、金融、人力资本存量，实施多样化的生态补偿方式，积极引导水源地农户寻找替代生计。

IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION ON SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD CAPACITY OF FARMERS IN WATER SOURCE AREABASED ON THE IMPROVED DFID LIVELIHOOD ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK

This research aims to test the implementation effect of ecological compensation on the development of farmers'' sustainable livelihood capacity in water source areas. Based on the adjustment of the DFID livelihood analysis framework, it improves the method of measuring farmers'' sustainable livelihood ability based on livelihood capital, and uses this method to evaluate the changes of farmers'' sustainable livelihood ability in Dongping Lake water source protection area before and after ecological compensation. On the whole, since the implementation of ecological compensation policy, the sustainable livelihood of farmers in Dongping Lake water source protection area had been significantly enhanced, and the sustainable livelihood capacity had increased from 0.300 2 before compensation to 0.322 5 after compensation. However, the sustainable livelihood capacity of local farmers was still at a weak level and needed to be further strengthened. In terms of livelihood capital, the indices of natural, social, financial, human, material, information and environmental capital after compensation were 0.016, 0.459, 0.258, 0.384, 0.450, 0.508 and 0.901, respectively. The low stock of natural, financial and human capital was the weak board of sustainable livelihood development of local farmers. It was worth noting that the correlation between information capital and physical, financial and environmental capital was significantly increased after compensation, while the correlation between natural capital and physical and human capital was significantly reduced, indicating that the production mode of farmers in water supply areas was gradually transitioning from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture or non-agricultural industry. Therefore, local governments should be committed to improving the stock of natural, financial and human capital, implementing diversified ecological compensation methods, and actively guiding farmers in water supply areas to seek alternative livelihoods.