石羊河流域绿色农业循环模式研究

该研究针对石羊河流域绿洲灌区环境资源特点、产业优势及生产中存在的问题,通过对当地玉米、小麦两大主栽作物秸秆饲料化利用、肉牛健康养殖、废弃物综合利用、农畜产品生产全程质量监控等技术的组装配套,试验研究总结形成种养结合、资源循环利用、清洁生产的绿色农业发展模式,即种养结合型模式"玉米—牛—沼—肥"、大田设施配套型模式"小麦—菇—肥—果(葡萄)"、小型养殖场型模式"牛—沼/蚯蚓—肥/饲料"。并对模式、特点、技术集成要点及效益进行阐述分析。对该3种模式在石羊河流域典型区域武威市凉州区谢河镇示范验证,农田节水30%,秸秆养殖利用率达到60%,牛羊良种化率提高30%,奶牛母犊牛生产率达88%,减少化肥施用量20%,减少生活能源支出55%,减少农业废弃物排放75%,提高农业综合效益36%。

STUDY ON THE CIRCULAR MODE OF GREEN AGRICULTURE IN SHIYANG RIVER BASIN

Green agriculture is a new agricultural development mode with Chinese characteristics.Liangzhou of Hexi Corridor Gansu is one of the Green Agricultural Demonstration Zones which was found in Apr.of 2006 in Arid Region of Northwest China.Based on the idea of Green Agriculture and the characteristic of environment and resource,advantageous industries and the key problem,this paper analyzed the technologies,such as feed utilization of the local two main crops(corn and wheat) straw,cattle health breeding,comprehensive utilization of waste,agricultural and livestock production quality control,,concluded and formulated the green agriculture development model having the features of the combination of planting and breeding,resource recycling,and clean production,i.e.combination mode of planting and breeding "Corn-Cattle-Marsh-fat",supporting facilities-based mode "Wheat-mushroom-fertilizer-Fruit(grapes) ",small-scale farm-type mode "cow-marsh / Earthworm-fertilizer / feed".And then the three kinds of mode were demonstrated in Xiehe Town,Liangzhou District,Wuwei City,the results showed that agricultural water-saving increased 30%,feed utilization rate of straw increased to 60%,varieties of cattle and sheep improved by 30%,productivity of dairy cows increased to 88%,chemical fertilizer,energy costs of living,and emissions from agricultural wastes reduced by 20%,55% and 75%,respectively,overall efficiency of agriculture improved 36%.