内蒙古荒漠化驱动力及水土保持研究

目的]荒漠化是内蒙古最为严重的生态环境问题之一,结合自然和人为因素数据分析其荒漠化的驱动力,同时探讨水土保持措施,以期为内蒙古荒漠化治理提供一定的指导。方法]通过皮尔森相关系数法分析内蒙古地区自然因素和人为因素与荒漠化的密切程度及相关性方向。结果]蒸发量与荒漠化显著正相关,是荒漠化的主要自然驱动力。人为因素中人口在1980~2000年与荒漠化显著正相关,在该时间段内是内蒙古主要的人为驱动力;GDP在1900~2010年与荒漠化极显著正相关,在该时间段内是内蒙古主要的人为驱动力;牲畜数量在1980~1990年与荒漠化显著正相关,在该时间段内是内蒙古主要的人为驱动力。此外,在降水量相对较高的半干旱及半湿润地区选取适宜的植被,在降雨量极少且蒸发量高的干旱半干旱荒漠化区域采用节水灌溉起到水土保持的作用。结论]内蒙古荒漠化是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,探讨其主要的驱动力,并结合内蒙古的区域特点,促进其荒漠化的进一步治理。

RESEARCH ON THE DRIVING FORCE OF DESERTIFICATION AND SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION IN INNER MONGOLIA

Desertification is one of the most serious ecological environment problems in Inner Mongolia. Based on the natural and anthropogenic data, it analyzes the driving force of desertification and discusses soil and water conservation measures in order to provide some guidance for desertification control in Inner Mongolia. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient Method was used to analyze the closeness and relevance between natural and anthropogenic factors and desertification in Inner Mongolia. There was a significant positive correlation between evaporation and desertification, which was the main natural driving force of desertification. In the human factor, the population was significantly and positively correlated with the desertification in 1980~2000, which was the main man-made driving force in Inner Mongolia during this period. The GDP was significantly correlated with the desertification during 1900~2010, during which time it was the major human-driven forces; the number of livestock was significantly and positively correlated with desertification from 1980 to 1990, during which time it was the major artificial driving force in Inner Mongolia. In addition, the selection of suitable vegetation in semi-arid and sub-humid areas with relatively high precipitation and the use of water-saving irrigation in arid and semi-arid desertification areas with very little rainfall and high evaporation play the role of soil and water conservation. Desertification in Inner Mongolia is the result of the interaction of natural and human factors, and the main driving force is discussed. Combining the regional characteristics of Inner Mongolia, desertification is further promoted.